1. The Carbon Cycle and the Greenhouse Effect

2. CARBON 4th abundant element on the Earth
Essential for life (organic compound)
Found in many forms:
Carbon dioxide
limestone (solid)
Wood
Plastic
Diamonds
Graphite
Fossil fuels

3. Carbon Cycle
Movement of carbon between the atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere
Two Divisions:
Biological Carbon Cycle
2. Geological Carbon Cycle

4. Biological Carbon Cycle
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration!
Also decomposers who break down dead matter!

5. Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Autotrophs take carbon dioxide, water and sunlight and convert them into oxygen and glucose (sugar).
Chemical Formula:
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

6. CELLULAR RESPIRATION C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Carbon dioxide is released when sugar is decomposed during cellular respiration.
Chemical Formula:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

7. A comparison: Photosynthesis :
6CO H energy -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon water from the sun glucose oxygen dioxide
Cellular Respiration :
6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO H energy oxygen glucose carbon water dioxide
These two processes complete the carbon cycle. (the equations are complimentary!!)

9. Carbon Dioxide CO2 is released in the atmosphere equally by:
Decomposition of dead matter
Forest Fires
Volcanoes
Combustion of fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas)

11. Geological Carbon Cycle
Aquatic systems also!
In the shells of aquatic animals you can find carbon!
When these animals die, they fall to the bottom of the ocean and transform into hard sedimentary rock.
After a very long time, this rock can be mined for coal and oil.

12. Human Impact
Since the industrial revolution, the burning of fossil fuels and clear-cutting has increased the CO2 in the atmosphere.
There are many proofs that indicate that the earth is warming due to an increase in these greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere (global warming).

13. Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse Effect: Natural process caused as a result of greenhouse gases trapping some of the sun’s energy that would otherwise leave Earth.
Greenhouse gases: CO2, N2, CFCs, CH4
Some of the sun rays are reflected while others are trapped to warm the earth.
Human Effects…

14. Changing Climate
Global Warming: an increase in the average temperature of the Earth, which in turn has changed some of our climate.
Higher global temperatures can cause:
Extreme weather
Sea levels rising
Can have a huge impact on humans, plants and animals.

15. Global Warming Debate POSITION 2 POSITION 1 Natural fluctuations.
Has nothing to do with human activity.
CO2 use is hard to measure. (ex. How much CO2 is absorbed by plants)
Temperatures have fluctuated in the past.
POSITION 1
Caused by pollution.
The amount of carbon dioxide has increased by 30% in the last 200 years.
In the last 100 years, the global temperatures have increased because of the increased use of greenhouse gasses. (CFCs, N2, CO2, CH4)

18. Video – Global Warming 101
Climate Change Nova Scotia

19. To Do:
Read pages
Vocabulary Words :
Greenhouse Gasses
Greenhouse effect
Look at table 7.3 on page Write down two ways that excess carbon dioxide could affect the sustainability of the atmosphere. Similarly, write down two ways it could affect the sustainability of the oceans.
After reading pages , complete the following questions : (p. 308, #13 and p. 311, #’s 3&4)

20. Answers to questions from sheet

21. Video – Global Warming – What you need to know (1 hour and a half)
Video – Earth Under Water (45 minutes)
Video - PBS Global Warming - The Signs and the Science