Between the Wars

Classwork Read pages Answer Key Themes and Concepts- Nationalism, Human Rights, Economic Systems, Political Systems Answer Preparing for the Regents pages 259, 261, 263

Treaty of Versailles Germany was forced by France and Britain to: ◦ Pay reparations ◦ Give up territory ◦ Restrict the size of their military ◦ Accept responsibility for the war

Anger over Treaty Japan angry it did not get control of China China angry that German possessions in China were given to Japan Russia angry over the loss of Poland, Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia

League of Nations Weak and ineffective Britain and France dominated it; the US never joined (fearing it would drag them into another war); Britain and France refused to give up their colonial possessions  nationalist movements would create tension

Collapse of Empires Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire

Nationalist Movements Turkish Nationalism- to rebuild, modernize and industrialize after collapse of Ottoman Empire Iranian Nationalism- to kick out Britain and France; to modernize and industrialize Pan-Arabism- to reassert their claims of self- determination following Sykes-Picot agreement Zionism- to establish a homeland for Jews in Palestine  Israel Indian Nationalism- to challenge British rule in India Chinese Nationalism- to avenge their victimization by warlords and foreign powers

Literature and Arts Expressed a loss of faith, especially in the West Moved away from realism towards impressionism and cubism

Women’s Suffrage The movement had begun in industrialized nations in the early 1800’s, but had gained strength as a result of WWI. Women had worked in factories to support the war effort  governments could no longer deny them the right to vote

Worldwide Depression Soldiers returning home needed jobs War debts had to be paid Cities and factories had to be rebuilt in Europe The end of the war meant less demand for raw materials  prices dropped  producers of raw materials lost money  stopped buying from factories  factory workers laid off  people buying on credit  stock market crashed  worldwide economic depression Fascists blamed minority groups in their countries Communists celebrated the “failure of capitalism”

Stalin industrializes Russia, but at what cost?

The Rise of Fascism Fascism: the rule of a people by a dictatorial government that is nationalistic and imperialistic Characteristics of Fascism ◦ Rule by dictator ◦ Blind loyalty to leader ◦ Use of violence and terror ◦ Strong military ◦ Censorship ◦ Strict discipline ◦ State control of economy (socialism)

Mussolini in Italy Italians were angry that they didn’t get the lands promised to them by Britain and France Soldiers were angry they couldn’t find work Taxes were high because of the cost of rebuilding Mussolini’s Fascist party gains control of Italy with promises of jobs, lower taxes, expansion of territory Fascists used violence and terror to gain and keep control of Italy

Mussolini, continued

Hitler in Germany Took control of the weak Weimar government to create panic  Hitler promised people jobs, and revenge. He promised to make Germany great again. Once in power, he ended free elections, censored the press, and used violence and terror to maintain control Used Jews as a scapegoat for Germany’s problems  Holocaust

Japan: Militarism and Expansion Japan had opened up to the West in 1854  the Tokugawa Shogunate was forced to step down and the emperor was restored to power  the Meiji Restoration The Meiji followed a policy of “if you can’t beat ‘em, join ‘em, learn from them, and eventually use it against them”. Japan let the West in rather than become victims of imperialism  they would modernize, industrialize, and “become the Britain of the East”—only Britain did not know this.

The Meiji Restoration

…Continued Japan was hit hard by Great Depression  angry  blamed the West for its problems  extreme nationalism and desire for power  invasion of China to satisfy its need for raw materials  Militarism/ Imperialism/ Extreme Nationalism/ Hatred of West  WWII

Conclusion WWI and the Treaty of Versailles  Great Depression  Rise of Fascism in Germany and Italy  WWII