The Protestant Reformation Original source: Susan M. Pojer

Writing Prompt After reading a number of historical resources, write an essay that examines the causes of and explains the effects of the Reformation. What conclusions or implications can you draw? What ramifications did the Reformation have on society? Support your answers with evidence from the texts.

Causes of the Reformation? Social causes Humanism and secularism  ? the Church Printing Press Political causes Monarchs challenge the church’s power Pope was a foreign leader and could be challenged Economic Jealous of the Church's wealth Merchants and nobles resent paying taxes to the Church Religious Church practices unacceptable sale of indulgences Some church leaders had become secular and corrupt

The Spread of the Printing Press

The Holy Roman Empire in the 16c “Why the Germanies?”

Early calls for Reform Desiderius Erasmus 1466-1536 Christian Humanist Catholic priest Criticized the Church but believed in reformation from with in the Church

Martin Luther 1486-1546 Catholic Monk Disliked the selling of indulgences Wrote the 95 Theses and nailed them to a door of a Church in Wittenberg Germany Began the Reformation

Luther’s teachings People can win salvation only by faith in God’s forgiveness All church teachings should be based on the Bible Pope and church traditions were false All people with faith were equal. Do not need priests to interpret the Bible for them.

The Pope vs. Luther Renunciation or excommunication Holy Roman Emperor and the Edict of Worms Lutherans are formed

The Spread of Lutheranism http://www.history.com/topics/martin-luther-and-the-95-theses/videos#martin-luther-sparks-a-revolution

The Peasant Revolt - 1525 Luther is horrified that peasants use his ideas to revolt German princes kill 100,000 people putting down the revolt German princes are divided on Luther’s ideas Those princes who support Luther, join together and become known as Protestants. Peace of Augsburg

England becomes Protestant Henry VIII wants an heir Annulment denied Reformation parliament Act of Supremacy Religious turmoil Edward VI Mary I (Bloody Mary) Elizabeth I 1559 Church of England or Anglican Church

Reformation Continues Huldrych Zwingli Zurich, Switzerland Influenced by Erasmus and Luther Return to Early Christian teachings John Calvin Influenced by Luther Predestination Calvinism Theocracy http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?assetGuid=92EDB1C0-359B-4E94-BE1A-FF9169536AAA&fromMyDe=0&isPrinterFriendly=0&provider=&isLessonFromHealth=0&productcode=US&isAssigned=false&includeHeader=YES&homeworkGuid=

Spread of Calvinism

Reformation Continues John Knox Scottish Preacher Calvinist follower Presbyterian Huguenots French followers of Calvinism St. Bartholomew’s Day Edict of Nantes Anabaptists Baptized people when they were old enough to decide to be Christians Separate church and state Pacifists Share possessions

Catholic Reformation Aka Counter Reformation Main reformers: Ignatius of Loyola and Popes Paul III & Paul IV Ignatius of Loyola Society of Jesus Jesuits Founded schools Convert non-believers Stop the spread of Protestantism http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?assetGuid=23D6FB90-7468-4555-875D-FCADEA83271A&fromMyDe=0&isPrinterFriendly=0&provider=&isLessonFromHealth=0&productcode=US&isAssigned=false&includeHeader=YES&homeworkGuid=

Reforming Popes Pope Paul III Pope Paul IV 1534-1549 Investigates sale of indulgences Approved Jesuit order Inquisition Council of Trent Church interprets Bible Need faith and good works Bible and church were authorities Indulgences were valid Pope Paul IV Carried out the Council of Trent decrees Index of Forbidden books

Writing Prompt Describe the lasting impact of the reformation and the Counter Reformation.

Branches of Christianity

Branches of Christianity

Map activity Using the blank map of Europe, please create a map of religion in Europe in the 16th century. You will need to create a key. You will need to show the following faiths: Roman Catholic Lutheran Anglican Calvinist Hugenots Islam Eastern Orthodox Anabaptist Presbyterian