The Civil Rights Movement Mr. Ermer U.S. History Miami Beach Senior High

Roots of a Movement 1896: Plessy v. Ferguson ◦ “Separate but equal” ◦ De facto segregation ◦ 1909: Norris v. Alabama (juries) New Deal coalition WWII and Civil Rights (CORE) 1954: Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS ◦ Southern Resistance

The Civil Rights Movement Begins 1955: Rosa Parks & NAACP ◦ Montgomery Bus Boycott ◦ Religion & Civil Rights—MLK Jr.  Nonviolent Passive Resistance  Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Ike & Civil Rights Preferred desegregation by Act of Congress or Executive Order, not courts Desegregates military work spaces Sends U.S. Army troops to South to protect African-Americans The Little Rock Nine Civil Rights Act of 1957 (voting) The Sit In Movement

JFK & Civil Rights The Freedom Riders ◦ Kennedy compromises w/ Mississippi ◦ ICC tightens regulation of segregated bus depots ◦ RFK’s Justice Dept. sues Southern cities for seg. JFK appoints many African-Amers. to gov. jobs MLK’s Birmingham March ◦ MLK arrested, “Letter from Birmingham Jail” ◦ Demonstrations spread ◦ KKK bombs 16 th St. Baptist Church in Birmingham

The Civil Rights Act of : March on Washington “I have a dream” LBJ continues fight to pass Civil Rights Act ◦ Senate threatens filibuster—cloture vote ◦ Ends segregation in public facilities  Equal access to public accommodations for all races ◦ Creates Equal Employment Opportunity Comm. ◦ Forced end of segregation in private work place ◦ Increased US Attorney General’s power to sue Selma March—Voting Rights Act of 1965

Civil Rights Issues Inequality, crime, poverty, lack of education plague urban African-Amer. pop The Watts Riot The Kerner Commission on Civil Disorders MLK fights for economic equality Black Power movement Malcolm X & the Nation of Islam ◦ Separatism ◦ Black Panthers Assassination of MLK

Chapter 16 Assessment On page 396, write and answer questions 1-10