Chapter 9 – The Jefferson Era (1) ( ) Section 1 – The Republicans Take Power A.Election of Federalist Party – Pres. John Adams (2 nd term) VP – Charles Pinckney (SC) 2. Democratic-Republican Party – T. Jefffeson, for Pres. Aaron Burr (NY) for VP 3. Letter-writing campaign (not giving speeches like today) – very impolite.

Chapter 9 – The Jefferson Era (2) ( ) Letter-writing campaign (cont). a. Federalists said Dem-Rep. were godless b. Dem-Rep. warned Fed. Represented wealthy people with property. B. Election Deadlock 1. Electors voted for each pres. and VP candidate individually rather than as a team. 2. Tie between Jefferson & Burr (73). 3. House of Rep. decided election – Took 36 ballots & A. Hamilton influenced vote for T. Jefferson Amendment passed (1803) requiring electors to vote for Pres. & VP on separate ballots.

Chapter 9 – The Jefferson Era (3) ( ) C. Jefferson’s Inauguration 1. March 4, Dressed in everyday clothes. 3. Pres. John Adams did not attend. 4. His address tried to bridge the gap between the parties. a. Wise and frugal government b. Support of state governments in all their rights. c. Laissez-faire – Let people do as they choose. (Hands Off!) D. Jefferson’s Policies. 1. Man of contradictions 2. Expansion 3. Rural base

Chapter 9 – The Jefferson Era (4) ( ) E. Jefferson’s Cabinet 1. Secretary of State – James Madison (VA) 2. Secretary of Treasury – Albert Gallatin (PA) F. Cutting Costs 1. Scaled down military expenses – curt army by 1/3 and reduced the navy from 25 to 7 ships. 2. Repealed all federal internal taxes 3. Govt. funds were only from customs duties and sale of western lands G. Jefferson and the Courts Bitter feelings between the parties resulted from a fight over control of the federal courts.

Chapter 9 – The Jefferson Era (5) ( ) H. Judiciary Act of Before Jefferson took office, the Federalists passed the Judiciary Act of 1801 which set-up regional courts for the U.S. with 16 judges and many other judicial officials. 2. J. Adams made 100’s of appointments before leaving office. For example – John Marshal as Chief Justice 3. Ensured Federalist control of the courts. I.Marbury vs. Madison 1. Jefferson refused to seat (send) last commissioner. 2. Told Sec. of State Madison not to seat William Marbury.

Chapter 9 – The Jefferson Era (6) ( ) 3. Marbury took the case to the Supreme Court. 4. Chief Justice J. Marshall wrote that in his opinion the Constitution hadn’t given the SC jurisdiction. 5. Marshall set three precedents of Judicial Review: A. Constitution was the supreme law of the land. B. Whenever there was a conflict between the Constitution and any other law, the Constitution must be followed. C. The judicial branch has the duty to uphold the Constitution and be able to determine when a federal law conflicts with the Constitution and to nullify (cancel) unconstitutional laws.

Chapter 9 – The Jefferson Era (7) ( ) J. Other Court Cases 1. McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819) a. Extends power of the court and strengthens federal power. b. Determines elastic clause does allow Congress to do more than the Constitution expressly authorizes it to do. 2. Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824) a. The court held that federal law takes precedence over state law in interstate transportation. (p. 624)