1. Chapter 9, Section 1

2. Election of 1800
Federalist candidates: John Adams for President and Charles Pinckney for VP
Republican candidates: Thomas Jefferson for President and Aaron Burr for VP
Both sides wrote letters to leading newspapers to publicize their views
Federalists claimed Jefferson was “godless” and Republicans warned that Federalists wanted to bring back monarchy and only cared about wealthy people

3. Election Deadlock
Both Jefferson and Burr received 73 electoral votes, so the House of Representatives had to decide the election
Federalists decided to support Burr to prevent the election of Jefferson
At Hamilton’s request, one federalist voted against Burr and Jefferson became President and Burr became VP

4. Amendment Passed
12th Amendment passed in 1803 to prevent another deadlock
It required electors to vote for the president and VP on separate ballots

5. Jefferson’s Inauguration
Jefferson stated he wanted to bridge the gap between the political parties
Goals included:
Creating a “wise and frugal” government
Supporting state governments in “all their rights”
* Believed in laissez-faire (let them do as they choose) policy where the government plays a small role in the economy of the country*

6. Policies
Cabinet: James Madison as sec. of state, and Albert Gallatin as sec. of treasury
Allowed the unpopular Alien and Sedition Acts and Naturalization Act to expire
Reduced huge national debt by reducing the size of the army and navy

7. Policies Cont.
Persuaded Congress to repeal federal internal taxes, including Whiskey tax
Government money would come from import taxes and the sale of Western lands
Believed the federal government should be limited to delivering the mail, collecting import taxes, and conducting a census

8. Federal Courts
Federalists controlled the court system and passed the Judiciary Act of 1801 before Jefferson took office
Adams made hundreds of Judicial appointments before he left office, including John Marshall as chief justice of the US
Adams and Marshall worked to process the papers for these “midnight judges” before Adams left office

9. Marbury v. Madison
A few appointments had not gone through when Jefferson took office, one of these was for William Marbury
Marbury was displeased that his appointment was withheld so he took his problem to the Supreme Court.
Marbury believed that the Supreme Court could force Madison to deliver the appointment papers
Marbury was a Federalist and Madison was a Democratic-Republican

10. Results of Marbury v. Madison
Chief Justice Marshall rejected Marbury’s request
Case established that the Supreme Court has the power of Judicial Review
Also established three principles of Judicial Review
Constitution is Supreme Law of the Land
When a law and the constitution conflict, the Constitution is to be followed.
Judicial branch has a duty to uphold the Constitution

11. Other Supreme Court Cases
McCullogh v. Maryland
Court held that it could do more than exactly what was in the Constitution due to an Elastic Clause.
Gibbons v. Ogden
This case set the precedent that the Federal law is to be followed over a state law when there is a question dealing with transportation between states.