1. Ch. 10, L.1 A New Party in Power Learning Objectives:
Compare and contrast the election of 1800 with modern elections.
Describe how John Marshall affected the powers of the Supreme Court and the federal government.
Do Now:
Copy lesson 1 vocabulary words and definitions into notebook.
Choose a partner in your group. Complete “Questions and Answers” worksheet.

2. The Election of 1800
Federalists- supported Adams for a second term as president & Charles Pinckney for vice president.
Republicans- nominated Thomas Jefferson for president & Aaron Burr as his running mate.
Campaigning then different from today. Neither candidate traveled the country to gain support, instead sent letters to leading citizens & newspapers to make their views public.
Each candidate made made personal attacks against the other.

3. The Vote is Tied
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied with 73 votes each.
In the case of a tie, the House of Representatives decides the next president.
The House voted 36 times before Jefferson finally won by one vote.
To prevent future problems in presidential elections, Congress passed the Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution which requires the president and vice president to be on separate ballots.

4. Jefferson’s Inauguration
In Jefferson’s Inaugural Address, he tried to outline some of his goals for his upcoming term:
A wise and frugal government
The support of state governments in all their rights
Reducing the power and size of the federal government. This idea was similar to the French philosophy of laissez-faire. It means let the people do as they choose.
Jefferson favored westward expansion.

5. Jefferson as President
Jefferson chose to work with people who agreed with his ideas. Together, they made many changes to the federal government. These included:
Lowering the national debt.
Cutting military spending.
Cutting the number of government workers to only a few hundred.
Getting rid of most federal taxes.
The government still needed money, though. Jefferson's government got money from two sources:
Customs duties (taxes on imported goods).
Selling land in the West.

6. Judiciary Act of 1801
The Judiciary Act of 1801 set up courts for the United States. Outgoing president Adams appointed most of the judges (Midnight Judges) and made sure the Federalist controlled the courts.
There was a problem, though. These people could not become judges until they got special papers, called commissions.
Some of the judges Adams appointed did not receive their papers before Jefferson became president. Jefferson told Secretary of State James Madison not to deliver them.

7. The Growing Power of the Supreme Court
One judge who did not receive his papers was William Marbury. Marbury wanted to get his papers. He took his case to the Supreme Court. The court decided it did not have the jurisdiction—the legal power—to force Madison to deliver the papers. This case was called Marbury v. Madison.
Marbury v. Madison was a very important case. It set up the three principles of judicial review. Principles are basic ideas.

8. The Growing Power of the Supreme Court (cont.)
The head of the Supreme Court was Chief Justice John Marshall. Marshall wrote the court's opinion. In it he said:
The Constitution is the supreme, or highest, law in the country.
If the Constitution says one thing and another law says something else, people have to follow the Constitution.
The judicial branch (courts) can say laws are unconstitutional. Marbury v. Madison made the Supreme Court more powerful. Chief Justice Marshall made the Supreme Court stronger in other cases, too.

9. The Growing Power of the Supreme Court (cont.)
With these decisions, Chief Justice Marshall also strengthened the federal government and weakened the states.
Case
Effect
McCulloch v. Maryland
Congress can do more than the Constitution specifically says it can do. States cannot tax the federal government.
Gibbons v. Ogden
Federal law takes priority over state law when more than one state is involved.
Worcester v. Georgia
States cannot make rules about Native Americans. Only the federal government can.