CHAPTER 20 SECTION 1 A LAND OF PROMISE Amanda Commodari, Clare Fieden, Tira Mercadante

PUSH FACTORS  Conditions that drive people to leave their homes  In Eastern Europe, political and religious persecution pushed many people to leave.  New farming machines caused farmers to lose jobs.  Many immigrants were small farmworkers or landless farmworkers.  In Russia and elsewhere, a person who criticized government faced jail or exile.  A revolution in Mexico acted as a push factor and caused people to cross the boarder.

PULL FACTORS  Conditions that affect them to new areas  The promise of freedom and hopes for a better life attracted poor and oppressed people from Europe, Asia, and Latin America.  Freedom and hopes for a better life attracted immigrants.  Industries provided immigrants with job opportunities.

ETHNIC GROUP  A group of people who share a common culture  There were many different neighborhoods across the United States: Italian, Irish, Polish, Hungarian, German, Jewish, and Chinese  Within these ethnic neighborhoods, newcomers spoke their own language and celebrated special holidays with foods prepared as in the old country.

ASSIMILATION  The process of becoming apart of another culture  Children assimilated easier than their parents because they learned English in school and heard others use the language.  Because children wanted to be seen as Americans, they gave up traditions their parents honored.  Immigrant parents felt both pride and pain as they saw their children change.

IMMIGRANTS  People who enter a country in order to settle there  Immigrants could only afford the cheapest berths. (ships)  Diseases were in tight quarters  People saw the Statue of Liberty when they got to New York Harbor.  Ellis Island is where ships entered New York Harbor  Doctors checked all of the immigrants for diseases

CHANGING PATTERNS OF IMMIGRANTS  “Old immigrants”- English, Irish, German, and Scandinavian immigrants who helped build the cities  In the late 1800’s, the patterns of immigration changed.

STATUE OF LIBERTY IN NEW YORK  Welcome symbol for New York  Symbol of hope and freedom  Gift from France  Honors The Declaration of Independence  Lazarus wrote a poem called “The New Colossus” - carved at the bottom of statue

FINDING JOBS  The newcomers soon set off to find work.  European Peasants living on the land had little need for money, but it took cash to survive in the United States.  Through friends, relatives, and employment agencies, the new arrivals found jobs.