1. IMMIGRATION

2. Where did immigrants come from?

3. Where did Immigrants enter the U.S. ?

4. Ellis Island Located in New York Harbor. Entry point for European immigrants. Over 12 million people enter through Ellis Island

5. Angel Island Located in San Francisco Bay. Entry point for many Asian Immigrants. Many were held here for extended periods of time.

6. Mexico & Canada

7. Process of entering the U.S.  Had to be tested for diseases and physically fit  Had to have documents from other country  Had to be mentally fit  Had to be ready for life in the U.S.

8. Reasons for emigration Push factors: Reasons why people chose to leave their country. Religious persecution Political persecution Bad economy/poverty War Discrimination

9. Reasons for immigrating into the U.S. Pull factors: Reasons why people chose to come to America Political freedom Religious freedom Work/jobs Land/housing Education

10. Destination/places where they settled Most immigrants settled near the port of entry (Ex: New York, San Francisco) If diseased they were quarantined Settled in large cities Only 2 Percent went South Earned about $5-$10 a week for up to 80 hour work weeks

11. Treatment/reception by other Americans Most Immigrants were treated very poorly when they arrived. 1 st wave immigrants (Italians, Irish & German) are treated better then 2 nd wave (Jews, Polish & Asians) Americans feared immigrants would take their jobs away.

12. Opportunities for and success of Immigrants Now What?

13. Employment  Dry Cleaners  News Stands  Grocery Stores  Machine Shops  Garment factory

14. Living conditions Tenements  Apartments in city  Houses in the slums  Poor living conditions

15. Education Children got education after coming to America Parents and elders got no education

16. Political Representation oThe Italians had the most political representation of all the groups oPolish and Jewish immigrants had little political representation oAsians had no representation

17. Assimilation? If so, to what degree? Immigrants tried to hang onto some of their traditions & customs but most “melted” into American society. Becoming “American” was seen as the quickest path to success

18. Legal vs. illegal immigrants There were very few illegal immigrants during the early 1900's as Mexicans and Canadians were not counted as immigrants Most of the immigrants that came to America at that time came through legally

19. Laws restricting immigration Chinese exclusionary Act: Excluded Chinese immigrants from coming into the U.S. In 1892 an act passed by Congress provided for the examination of immigrants and the excluding of convicts, people suffering from diseases, and people liable to public charges