Cardiovascular = Circulatory System Blood

Blood General functions Amount of blood – 5-6 liters in males, 4-5 liters in females – 8% of body weight

FORMED ELEMENTS Cells 45% blood

Erythrocytes = RBCs 4-5 million/mm3 Hemoglobin – Iron – Function – Color

RBCs Hemopoiesis Erythropoiesis (2 million/second) Life span about 120 days Destroyed and recycled by liver & spleen Erythropoeitin

RBCs Stay in blood vessels ABO system Antigen Antibody A,B,AB,O blood types

RBCs Rh factor Erythroblastosis fetalis

Leukocytes = WBCs /mm3 Granulocytes – Neutrophils (pale granules, segmented nucleus, most numerous, phagocytosis) – Eosinophils (red granules, segmented nucleus, phagocytosis, attacks parasites) – Basophils (purple granules, semented nucleus, releases histamine & heparin

Agranulocytes – Lymphocytes (T & B, immunity, round nucleus) – Monocytes (bean-shaped nucleus, foamy cytoplasm, exit bloodstream & enlarge and become MACROPHAGES)

Life span Formation

Function of WBCs Phagocytosis – Lytic enzymes – Macrophages Antibodies – Plasma Cells – Vaccination T cells

Thrombocytes = Platelets 100, ,000/mm3 Stays in blood vessels Life span Production in bone marrow

Hemostasis Vascular constriction Platelet plug formation – ADP

Hemostasis - Coagulation Conversion to an insoluble fibrin clot Clotting factors Fibrinogen is converted to Fibrin By Thrombin – precursor is prothrombin Liver makes clotting factors Vitamin K

Coagulation Extrinsic mechanism – seconds – Initiates with damaged tissue releasing thromboplastin Intrinsic mechanism – 1-2 minutes – Hemophilia

Clot Retraction minutes later Serum

Clot Control Heparin from mast cells Basophils Endothelium is smooth

Fibrinolysis Clot dissolution Plasmin

Intravascular Clotting Thrombus Embolus (Embolism)

Plasma 55% of blood Water – Over 90% Proteins – Albumin – Globulin – Fibrinogin

Interstitial Fluid Similar to plasma Bathes tissues