Parts of the Cell

Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

The cell theory states the following: All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. All cells are produced from other cells. What are Cells? The cell theory states the following: All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. All cells are produced from other cells. yciJaTA yciJaTA

Two Types of Cells: 1. Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound internal structures. Organisms whose cells lacks a nucleus. 2. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound structures. Organisms with cells that contain nuclei.

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 1.Nucleus –Nickname: “The Control Center” –Function: holds the DNA –Parts: Chromatin: strands that contain genetic material Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes Nuclear Membrane: Surrounds the nucleus –Plant and animal cells

Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Ribosomes Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 2.Ribosomes –Function: makes proteins –Located: 2 places - Connected to the ER and all throughout the cell.

Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 3.Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) –Nickname: “Roads” –Function: The internal delivery system of the cell –Located: Close to the nucleus –2 types: 1. Rough ER – Has the ribosomes attached to it. 2. Smooth ER – does not have ribosomes attached to it. –Plant and animal cells

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Complex Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 4.Golgi Complex –Nickname: The shippers –Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell –Appearance: stack of pancakes –Located: Cytoplasm –Plant and animal cells

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Bodies Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 5.Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes) –Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” –Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells –Located: Cytoplasm –Plant and animal cells

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 6.Mitochondria –Nickname: “The Powerhouse” –Function: Energy formation Breaks down food to make ATP –ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy –Located: Cytoplasm –Plant and animal cells

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 7.Vacuoles –Function: Plant Cells –Very large and only one –stores water –This is what makes lettuce crisp »When there is no water, the plant wilts Animal Cells –Smaller and several in number –Stores/releases waste products –used in cellular digestion –Located: Cytoplasm

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 8.Chloroplasts –Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell –Located: Cytoplasm –Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment –Plant cells

Chloroplasts

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Wall

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 9.Cell Wall –Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane –Located: Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells –What is Cell Wall made of: Strong material called cellulos

Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Wall Nucleolus Nucleus Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Ribosomes Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 10.Cell Membrane –Functions: separates the inside of the cell from its environment Controls what substances enter and leave the cell –Oxygen, carbon dioxide, wastes, food, etc… –Located: In plant cells, it is to the inside of the cell wall In animal cells, it is the outermost part of the cell

Centrioles Function: Helps the cell divide (mitosis) Located: Near the nucleus Made of: Microtubules Found in: Animal Cells only

Cytoplasm –Function: Gel like substance that fills the cell and holds the organelles in place. –Found In: Plant and animal cells – zafJKbMPA8http:// zafJKbMPA8

Animal Cells vs. Plant Cells