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Cell Structures, Functions and Transport

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Presentation on theme: "Cell Structures, Functions and Transport"— Presentation transcript:

1 Cell Structures, Functions and Transport

2 Introduction to Cells Cells are the basic units of organisms
Cells can only be observed under microscope Basic types of cells: Bacterial Cell Animal Cell Plant Cell

3 Number of Cells Organisms may be: Unicellular – composed of one cell
Multicellular- composed of many cells that may organize

4 Cells May be Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
Prokaryotes include bacteria & lack a nucleus or membrane-bound structures called organelles Eukaryotes include most other cells & have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (plants, fungi, & animals)

5 Prokaryotes Nucleoid region contains the DNA Cell membrane & cell wall
Contain ribosomes (no membrane) to make proteins in their cytoplasm

6 Contain 3 basic cell structures:
Eukaryotic Cell Contain 3 basic cell structures: Nucleus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm with organelles

7 Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Animal Cell Plant Cell

8 Organelles Very small size Can only be observed under a microscope
Have specific functions Found throughout cytoplasm

9 Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Nucleus Nickname: “The Control Center” Function: holds the DNA Parts: Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes

10 Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Cell Membrane Go to Section:

11 Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Ribosomes Function: makes proteins Found in: all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic

12 Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Go to Section:

13 Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nickname: “Roads” Function: The internal delivery system of the cell 2 Types: Rough ER: Appearance: Rough because it has ribosomes Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes Smooth ER: Appearance: Smooth because there are NO ribosomes Function: makes fats or lipids

14 Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Go to Section:

15 Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Golgi Complex Nickname: The shippers Function: package, modify, and transport materials to different location inside/outside of the cell Appearance: stack of pancakes

16 Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Ribosomes
Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Ribosomes Nucleolus Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex Go to Section:

17 Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Lysosomes: Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells Appearance: circular, but bigger than ribosomes

18 Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Mitochondria Nickname: “The Powerhouse (like DTE)” Function: Energy formation Breaks down food to make ATP ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy

19 Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies

20 Mitochondria – Up Close

21 Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies

22 Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!

23 Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Vacuoles Function: stores water This is what makes lettuce crisp When there is no water, the plant wilts

24 Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Cell Membrane
Section 7-2 Vacuole Cell Membrane Go to Section:

25 Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Chloroplasts Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell Why are they green? Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

26 Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts
Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Go to Section:

27 Chloroplasts – Up Close

28 Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Cell Wall Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane Found: outside the cell membrane in plant cells

29 Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts
Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Go to Section:

30 Plant Cell Cytoplasm Vacuole Smooth ER Ribosomes Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane Cell Wall Nucleolus Golgi Bodies Nucleus Mitochondria Rough ER

31 Comparing Plant and Animal Cells


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