1. Cell Structures, Functions and Transport

2. Introduction to Cells Cells are the basic units of organisms
Cells can only be observed under microscope
Basic types of cells:
Bacterial Cell
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

3. Number of Cells Organisms may be: Unicellular – composed of one cell
Multicellular- composed of many cells that may organize

4. Cells May be Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
Prokaryotes include bacteria & lack a nucleus and membrane-bound structures called organelles
Eukaryotes include most other cells & have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (plants, fungi, & animals)

5. Prokaryotes Nucleoid region contains the DNA Cell membrane & cell wall
Contain ribosomes (no membrane) to make proteins in their cytoplasm

6. Contain 3 basic cell structures:
Eukaryotic Cell
Contain 3 basic cell structures:
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm with organelles

7. Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

8. Organelles Very small size Can only be observed under a microscope
Have specific functions
Found throughout cytoplasm

9. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Nucleus
Nickname: “The Control Center”
Function: holds the DNA
Parts:
Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes

10. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Go to Section:

11. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Ribosomes
Function: makes proteins
Found in: all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic

12. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Go to Section:

13. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Nickname: “Roads”
Function: The internal delivery system of the cell
2 Types:
Rough ER:
Appearance: Rough because it has ribosomes
Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes
Smooth ER:
Appearance: Smooth because there are NO ribosomes
Function: makes fats or lipids

14. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Go to Section:

15. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Golgi Complex
Nickname: The shippers (FedEx)
Function: package, modify, and transport materials to different locations inside/outside of the cell
Appearance: stack of pancakes

16. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Ribosomes
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Complex
Go to Section:

17. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Lysosomes:
Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”
Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells
Appearance: circular, but bigger than ribosomes

18. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Mitochondria
Nickname: “The Powerhouse (like DTE)”
Function: Energy formation
Breaks down food to make ATP
ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy

19. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies

20. Mitochondria – Up Close

21. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies

22. Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!

23. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Vacuoles
Function: stores water
This is what makes lettuce crisp
When there is no water, the plant wilts

24. Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Cell Membrane
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Go to Section:

25. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Chloroplasts
Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell
Why are they green?
Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

26. Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Go to Section:

27. Chloroplasts – Up Close

28. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Cell Wall
Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane
Found: outside the cell membrane in plant cells

29. Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Go to Section:

30. Plant Cell Cytoplasm Vacuole Smooth ER Ribosomes Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Golgi Bodies
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Rough ER

31. Comparing Plant and Animal Cells