Lesson 1: Philosophy in the Age of Reason Chapter 5.1 Enlightenment Lesson 1: Philosophy in the Age of Reason Chapter 5.1

Objectives Describe how scientific progress promoted trust in human reason. Explain how the social contract and separation of powers affected views on government Outline how new ideas affected society and the economy

Big Idea Enlightenment thinkers tried to apply the law as of nature to human society. Their political ideas included the concepts of natural rights, separation of powers, checks and balances, and Freedom of thought. Their economic ideas included the policies of laissez faire and a free market.

Warm up Please complete the “Do Now” activity on your daily notes sheet.

Focus Questions What is the role of government in our life? How did government change throughout modern history?

Government during the Middle Ages Absolutism The “divine right of rule” The feudal system

Progress and Reason Scientific Revolution Advancements in the 1700s Joseph Priestley Antoine Lavoisier Edward Jenner- small pox Natural Laws Enlightenment

Think-Pair-Share How did the achievements of the Scientific Revolution contribute to the Enlightenment?

Social Contract Hobbes Social contract Locke Leviathan People are naturally cruel, greedy and selfish Social contract Gave up state of nature for an organized society Locke People are basically reasonable & moral Natural Rights Life, liberty, property Two Treatises of Government Govt to protect natural rights People have the right to overthrow the govt

Think-Pair-Share Who do you agree with more- Locke or Hobbes? Why.

Separation of Powers Montesquieu Spirit of Laws Studied Euro govts Spirit of Laws 3 branches- Legislative, Executive, Judicial Checks and balances

Philosophes (“lovers of Wisdom”) Voltaire Francois-Marie Arouet Targeted corrupt officials and idle aristocrats Battled inequality, injustice and superstition Freedom of speech Exiled Denis Diderot 28-volume Encyclopedia Govt, philosophy, religion Articles by leading thinkers Denounced slavery, praised freedom of expression, urged edu Critics Govt- attack on public morals Catholic Church

Philosophes Rousseau The Social Contract Poor upbringing People in their natural state are basically good The Social Contract Some controls needed, but minimal freely elected govts Community above individual Natural innocencce was corrupted by the evils of society; unequal distribution of property

Women Women and Enlightenment Salon Activity Limited rights Excluded from Social Contract Germaine de Stael Catharine Macaulay Mary Wollstonecraft A Vindication of the Rights of Women

New Economic Thinking Physiocrats- focus on economic reports, looking at rational laws to define economic system Laissez-Faire Business operates w/little to no govt Adam Smith British economist The Wealth of Nations Manufacturing, trade, wages, profits, and econ growth linked to supply and demand Govt duty to protect society, administer justice, provide public works Physiocrats rejected mercantilism (govt regulation on econ for balance of trade) Physiocrats believed real wealth came from productive land; supported free trade and opposed tariffs or taxes on trade

Activity Think of ways to remember the other philosophes. The cornier the better!!!

Closure How did the new economic thinking reflect Enlightenment?