1. Enlightenment Thinkers 2.1 Notes

2. Rules discovered through reason; can they be applied to society? Natural Laws

3. Hobbes –Leviathan –People are greedy, selfish –Social contract- give up some freedoms for an organized society –Absolute monarchy!

5. Locke Two Treatises of Government People have the ability to make good choices Governments formed to protect rights Natural rights: life, liberty, property (pursuit of happiness) People can overthrow a gov’t that doesn’t do its job

6. How did Hobbes and Locke differ in their views on the role of gov’t?

7. The Philosophes

8. Rousseau The Social Contract People are naturally good, society corrupts them Some controls are necessary, but only fairly elected gov’t should impose them

9. Montesquieu Spirit of the Laws Three branches of government, separation of powers Mon-tes-quieu: three branches

10. Voltaire Opposed slavery Battled injustice, corrupt officials and prejudice Freedom of Speech

11. Diderot Edited Encyclopedia Collected works of other writers Spread Enlightenment ideas: gov’t, philosophy, and religion Pope threatened to excommunicate anyone who bought or read it Wanted to change way of thinking

12. What topics or ideas were addressed by the philosophes in their Encyclopedia articles?

13. Women Challenge the Philosophes “free and equal” did not apply to women

14. Wollstonecraft Vindication of the Rights of Women Equal education for girls and boys Would lead to equality in society for women

15. Adam Smith Laissez-faire: “leave alone”, little or no gov’t involvement Rejected mercantilism (gov’t regulated business to achieve a positive balance of trade) Wealth of Nations Free market should regulate trade (supply and demand)