How do you know where you are going if you don’t know where you are? Measuring Planet Earth

 Lots of different maps have been created throughout history  Why do you think people invented maps?  Problem Solving like a human:  If you wanted to travel somewhere else what two pieces of information would be ABSOLUTELY necessary? Measuring Planet Earth

 Hopefully you said…  Where they live  How far away it is  This is where the lines of longitude and latitude come in  If you turn your world into a grid with units of measurement you can figure out where you are going and how far it will be Measuring Planet Earth

 What is a grid and how is that helpful?  When using a grid you need to know how to use coordinates  (horizontal, vertical)  The star is located at (4,D) Measuring Planet Earth

 Before we move on… Try practicing using a grid system Using a Grid

 Lines of latitude run horizontally around the planet  Lines of longitude run vertically around the planet  To measure something, you need to have a starting point  Lines of latitude and longitude have 2 starting points  The Equator and the Prime Meridian  They divide the planet into hemispheres Measuring Planet Earth

Western HemisphereEastern Hemisphere Mapping Planet Earth

 Label and darken the Prime Meridian and Equator on your map Measuring Planet Earth

 Before you can go very far with your grid, you need to know direction  A Compass Rose will tell you what direction you are headed in from a given location  North  South  East  West Measuring Planet Earth

 If you’re going to have a numbered grid, you need to determine your units of measurement  To precisely locate points on the earth's surface, degrees longitude and latitude have been divided into minutes (') and seconds (").  There are 60 minutes in each degree (it takes one hour to go from one line to the next parallel)  Each minute is divided into 60 seconds. Seconds can be further divided into tenths, hundredths, or even thousandths. Measuring Planet Earth

 For example, the U.S. Capitol is located at 38°53'23"N, 77°00'27"W  In other words: 38 degrees, 53 minutes, and 23 seconds north of the equator and 77 degrees, no minutes and 27 seconds west of the meridian Measuring Planet Earth

 What are latitude and longitude and what are they used for?  What is a hemisphere?  Explain what the equator and prime meridian are used for Warm-Up 5pts

 Let’s practice finding places on planet Earth using latitude and longitude Using Latitude and Longitude

 Now that we know how to measure distance on Planet Earth let’s figure out how to MAP it  Problem Solving  How do you turn a round object into a flat one? Mapping Planet Earth

 Map makers run into the same problems as you do when trying to convert the globe into a flat map  They have come up with several different Map Projections that try to show the world accurately but each projection has its advantages and disadvantagesMap Projections  Turn to page 107 in your Atlas Mapping Planet Earth

 Now you know the basics about how to turn Planet Earth into a flat map with a grid system that helps us find our way around  Let’s look at the major landmasses and waterways that cover Earth’s surface Continents and Oceans! Mapping Planet Earth

 There are many different kinds of maps that we use for many purposes but they all have one or more of these basic  Parts of a Map  Map Key  Scale  Compass Mapping Planet Earth

 A Map Key tells you what the symbols on a map represent  In your Atlas find an example of a Map Key and point to it  A scale will show how to convert the distances on your small map into real world distances  In your Atlas find an example of a Scale and point to it  A Compass Rose will tell you the direction – North, South, East or West  In your Atlas find an example of a Compass Rose and point to it Parts of a Map

 Maps can be used to serve many different purposes  Let’s look at some examples  Physical Map – tells you the physical geography  Political Map – tells you the political boundaries of countries  Special Purpose Map – tells you almost anything you can imagine Purposes of Maps

In Your Atlas Use pages to demonstrate your understanding of different kinds of maps Purposes of Maps