What do you think makes a nation a nation? When is it legitimate to call a nation one?

A group of people who share similar traditions, history, culture, religion, & language

When such a group occupies a definite territory & is united under its own gov’t

A feeling of love & loyalty for one’s country & people My highest loyalty belongs to the nation-state!

Poems, flags & national anthems!

Positive Influences Inspiration for positive change We can do better!

Development for self-government No one knows more about governing us than us!

1. Racism Hatred of different groups, people, or nations

2. Militarism The glorification of armed strength War is seen as the purest form of patriotism

3. Social Darwinism Application of Darwin’s theory of evolution to human society

The fittest for survival enjoy wealth & success, while poor remain poor because they are weak

 Several revolutions erupted in Europe between 1815 and 1829, and the spread of revolutionary ideals would ignite new uprisings in 1830 and  Also occurring during this time were the wars of independence in Latin America.  These revolts began in the late 1700s and early 1800s and were inspired by the success of the American Revolution and the ideals of the French Revolution.

How did revolutionary ideals in Europe and Latin America ignite uprisings in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Remember the Congress of Vienna? After Napoleon was taken out of power, a group of diplomats and heads of state from the empires of Russia, Prussia, Austria, Britain and France worked from September 1814 to June 1815 to create a lasting peace by establishing a balance of power and protecting the system of monarchy. They tried to uproot the “revolutionary seed” and suppress nationalistic fervor.

European Ideologies Around 1800 The clash of people with opposing ideologies plunged Europe into more than 30 years of turmoil.

What is an ideology? defined as a “system of thought and belief” the set of ideas and beliefs of a group or political party one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.

Conservatism ♪Supports a return to world before 1789 ♪Supports restoration of royal families to power ♪Supports a social hierarchy ♪Supports established church ♪Suppresses revolutionary ideas ♪Opposes freedom of the press ♪Uses troops to crush protests

Liberalism ♣Supports government based on written constitutions ♣Supports separation of powers within the government ♣Opposes divine-right monarchs, the old aristocracy, and established churches ♣Supports rights of liberty, equality, and property ♣Protects rights such as freedom of thought, speech, and religion ♣Supports laissez-faire economic policies

Nationalism ♫People with a common heritage united to try to form their own homeland

In the 1800s, national groups sought to create their own states based on a common heritage. Nationalists looked to unite people with common heritage. States such as Austria, Russia, and the Ottoman empire included many diverse ethnic groups. For centuries European rulers had traded lands through wars or royal marriages.

Serbians Seek Independence The Ottomans had ruled the Balkans in southeastern Europe for 300 years. Karageorge led a Serbian revolt against the Ottomans between 1804 and The revolt failed, but it increased Serbian nationalism and led to a revival of Serbian literature and culture. Nationalism spurred revolts in southeastern and southern Europe in the early 1800s.

With Russian help, Serbia gained autonomy within the Ottoman empire. The Serbians were aided by Russia, which shared a similar language and the same Eastern Orthodox religion. The Ottoman sultan later agreed to grant Serbia formal independence. Russia would continue to play a major role in Serbia. In 1815, Milos Obrenovic led a second, successful revolt.

The Second Serbian Uprising ( ) was a second phase of the Serbian revolution against the Ottoman Empire, which erupted shortly after the re- annexation of the country to the Ottoman Empire, in 1813.

In 1821, Greeks revolted against Ottoman rule. A long, bloody struggle united Greeks. Their leaders called the struggle “a national war, a holy war, a war the object of which is to reconquer the rights of individual liberty.” Western powers supported Greece, but later pressured the Greeks to accept a German king, showing their opposition to revolutionary nationalism.

In the 1820s, revolts also occurred in Spain, Portugal, and the Italian peninsula. Metternich urged conservative rulers to crush these uprisings. French armies suppressed a revolt in Spain. Austrian forces did the same in Italy. Despite such shows of force, calls to overthrow the old order increased in the 1800s. Socialists sought to reorganize property ownership. Revolts on the Iberian and Italian Peninsulas

Exit Slip Using your own words, define the following and then provide an example for each. –Nation –Nation-state –Nationalism