INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Chapter 5

THE INTEGUMENT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO MICROORGANISMS Most skin bacteria are associated with hair follicles or sweat glands where nutrients and moisture are present The best way to prevent disease is by washing the hands

SKIN CANCER Basal cell carcinoma is the most common and least malignant skin cancer Squamous cell carcinoma occurs in the epidermis and grows rapidly Malignant melanoma is present in pigmented cells called melanocytes

BURNS Burns are the result of radiation from sun, heat, boiling water, steam, fire, chemicals, and electricity

BURNS Classification of burns –First degree burns epidermis –Second degree burns epidermis and dermis –Third degree burns destruction of epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous

SKIN LESIONS Pressure Ulcers (Decubitus) are the result of constant pressure against an area of tissue that lies over a bone

SKIN LESIONS 4 Stages of pressure ulcers are: –Stage I - skin is red but unbroken –Stage II - blisters; broken or unbroken –Stage III - all layers of skin are broken –Stage IV - ulcerated area involves underlying muscles, tendons, and bones

LesionCharSizeLocation BullaFluid- filled area >10 mmLarge blister MaculeFlat area, skin changes in color < 1cmFreckle, petechia NoduleElevated solid area > 10 mmwart

LesionCharSizeLocation PapuleElevated solid area 5 mm or <Elevated mole (nevus) PustuleDiscrete pus filled raised area VariesAcne UlcerDeep loss of skin surface, may extend to dermis VariesVenous stasis ulcer, decubitus

LesionCharSizeLocation TumorSolid abnormal mass of cells > 1-2 cmBenign, basal cell carcinoma Vesicle small blister Fluid- filled raised area 10 mm or < Chickenpox, herpes simplex WhealItchy, temp. elevated VariesHives, insect bites

REPRESENTATIVE DISORDERS OF THE SKIN Acne vulgaris Athlete’s foot Dermatitis Eczema Impetigo Psoriasis Ringworm Urticaria (hives) Boils Herpes Genital herpes Shingles (herpes zoster)