1 Obj : To develop, defend & evaluate positions on issues regarding citizenship & the responsibilities of citizens in the American constitutional democracy.

 “ All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and are subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.” ◦ 14 th Amendment, 1868

Def: members of a country that have rights and responsibilities A. Citizenship by birth- born in state, territory, military base (jus soli) or to American parents outside the U.S. (Jus sanguinis) B. Naturalization- legal process to become a citizen  Must demonstrate civic and history knowledge  Interview & examination  Oath of Allegiance  expatriation- give up citizenship

C. Legal Aliens (immigrants)  resident aliens have permanent residence in US  cannot vote; but pay taxes, attend schools, have legal protection D. Illegal Aliens risk being deported- sent back to native country E. Amnesty –gov’t permission to remain in the U.S. even though here illegally -political dissidents -Large numbers of people who entered during the same period of time

 The Constitution did not make any provision for determining citizenship  Each state decided who would be eligible to: ◦ Vote ◦ Hold office ◦ Own property ◦ Other rights of citizenship  Individuals whose citizenship was restricted: ◦ African Americans (1868) ◦ Women (1920) ◦ Native Americans (1924)

Democratic process  voting in elections  stay informed, participate in events, contact representatives, try to make a change  Must be 18, citizen, registered, and not a felon

 Colonial North America ◦ Mostly English & French ◦ Also Germany, Scotland, the Netherlands, Ireland  After Independence ◦ One million people came from Europe b/w 1830 – 1850 ◦ 10 million from Europe b/w ◦ 22 million b/w 1890 – 1924, mostly from Eastern Europe

 Enslaved Africans ◦ Between it was legal to bring enslaved persons to the U.S. ◦ Before 1868, persons born to slaves were slaves unless freed by their owners

American multiculturalism: “melting pot” vs. “tossed salad”  “E Pluribus Unum”- “from many one”  Tolerance- willingness to respect others different than yourself  Affirmative Action- preferences given to minorities to correct historical injustice

Is this a melting pot or tossed salad theory of American identity?  "…whence came all these people? They are a mixture of English, Scotch, Irish, French, Dutch, Germans, and Swedes... What, then, is the American, this new man? He is neither a European nor the descendant of a European; hence that strange mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country. I could point out to you a family whose grandfather was an Englishman, whose wife was Dutch, whose son married a French woman, and whose present four sons have now four wives of different nations. He is an American, who, leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced, the new government he obeys, and the new rank he holds...."

 With a partner please answer the questions on the “citizenship quiz”.