24.3 Revolution and Reform in France

Change is Coming...! Napoleon - Waterloo - Congress of Vienna Congress of Vienna restores Louis XVIII to throne Louis XVIII tried to find balance b/w liberals and conservative reactionaries

Change is Coming...! Louis XVIII dies his brother Charles X becomes king I hate liberals - I’m abolishing liberal reforms! I’m taxing everyone to pay back the nobles who lost so much in the French Revolution! 1830 people revolt - again

Change is Coming...! Louis Phillipe - elected king “citizen king” 1830 people revolt - again

Change is Coming...! Louis Phillipe elected king More people now allowed to vote Still landowners hold most of the power workers not allowed to organize labor unions not allowed

Change is Coming...! Louis Phillipe elected king He is hated food shortages in 1848 he restricts freedom of speech Revolution of 1848 so that makes a revolution of 1789 revolution of 1830 and revolution of 1848

Revolution of what happened Louis Napoleon leaves for England people of France establish the Second Republic (when was the first?) Socialism is born! 1. gov’t created national workshops to give people work (1st attempt of any gov’t to relieve unemployment) 2. all men in France could now vote 3.but revolts...conservatives kill the national workshops...socialists (incl. Karl Marx) run out of France

Revolution of The Result new constitution of France makes republican form of gov’t - 2nd Republic People elect Louis- Napoleon or Napoleon III He changes constitution so he can rule France. This is known as a ______ d’ ______. His goal - rule France like his uncle Bonaparte did!

Napoleon III Seemed like the Second Republic was operating fairly but it was not. It was really the Second French Empire people lost their rights no freedom of the press no political opposition allowed This is known as a/an _____________________ regime

Napoleon III he did do France some good - he modernized railroads manufacturing some public works (roads, etc)

Napoleon III Crimean War France, Great Britain, and Ottoman Empire vs. Russia France wins glory (but not much else) Field Hospitals Florence Nightingale professional nursing

Napoleon III FRench imperialism in the world 1. Algeria (in North Africa) - soon controlled by France 2. Suez Canal ( In Egypt) begun by France 3. Cambodia controlled by France

Napoleon III Franco - Prussian War Tricked or set up by Otto von Bismark of Prussia, France declares war on Prussia/Germany Prussia stomps France due to military might France controlled by Prussia

France Under Germany Treaty of Frankfurt France gives up Alsac lorraine to Germany France pays large fines to Germany even within France there were arguments about accepting this treaty Communards didn’t want it - they wanted to keep fighting French who wanted peace with Germany fought Communards Result: 20,000 killed and peace with Germany and you wanted to know why the French and Germans dislike each other so and why they fought each other in

Third Republic Third Republic of France Under Third Republic constitution then president elected by legislature legislature made up of Senate and Chamber of Deputies this constitution lasts 70+ years

Third Republic Still there are issues... should France prepare military in case Germany attacks again? should France weaken the powers of the Catholic Church? what to do about those extremists who oppose all gov’t = anarchists scandals - Alfred Dreyfus in 1894 accussed of selling military secrets to Germany he was cleared but army covered up the truth

so how does this set up France just before World War I?