African Geography.

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Presentation transcript:

African Geography

Relative Location of Africa Bordered by: Atlantic Ocean on west Indian Ocean on east Mediterranean Sea on north Red Sea on northeast

Land Features of Africa Called “plateau continent” because plateaus are most dominant landform in Africa Plateau: high flat or gently rolling land Coastline Narrow and even with few inlets or bays to form good harbors Harbor: part of a body of water protected and deep enough for ships to dock

Great Rift Valley Geographic features Located in eastern Africa Giant trench groove out of the plateau; giant ditch Stretches 6,000 miles from Red Sea into Southern Africa More than 1 mile deep

Great Rift Valley-continued Caused by shifting movements of the earth’s crust, causing faults Faults: cracks in the earth’s surface

Major Mountain Ranges of Africa Mt. Kilimanjaro Africa’s highest peak Located in East Africa Atlas Mountains Located in NW Africa Drakensberg Mountains Located in SE Africa

Lakes of Africa Major lakes: Lakes described as “life-giving waters” Lake Victoria Lake Tanganyika Lake Nyasa Lakes described as “life-giving waters” Provide waters for drinking, irrigation, and transportation Irrigation: to supply dry land with water by means of ditches, pipes, or streams

Major Rivers of Africa Nile River Congo River Niger River World’s longest river Source (where river begins) flows from center of Africa northward into Mediterranean Sea Congo River Located in Central Africa Crosses equator twice Niger River Flows through west Africa

Major Rivers-continued Rivers not useful for long distance travel Cataracts and shallow rapids flow over escarpments Cataracts: huge waterfalls Escarpments: steep cliffs Water levels are low at mouths of river Mouth: place where stream enters a larger body of water Rivers too shallow for navigation during dry season

HEI and Cataracts Positive HEI Negative HEI Provide hydroelectric power which generate electricity Negative HEI Limits river travel Slows movement

Vocabulary Cataracts: huge waterfalls Escarpment: steep cliffs Continental Drift: explanation of how the continents move Plateau: high flat or gently rolling land