MUSCLES AND MOVEMENT To know the meaning of origin and insertion of a variety of muscles To understand the different muscular movements To be able to develop a mind map on joints and movements.

STARTER IN PAIRS IDENIFTY THE TYPE OF MOVEMENTS OCCURING AT EACH JOINT. online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=AP 12004

The Origin and Insertion When a muscle contracts, only one bone moves leaving the other stationary. The points at which the tendons are attached to the bone are known as the origin and the insertion. Origin Insertion The radius and ulna are the moving bones- INSERTION The origin is where the tendon of the muscle joins the stationary bone(s). The insertion is where the tendon of the muscle joins the moving bone(s). The arm is being flexed. The humerus and scapular are stationary bones- ORIGIN

Skeletal muscles work across a joint and are attached to the bones by strong cords known as tendons. Movement of the arm at the elbow Antagonistic Muscles They work in pairs, each contracting or relaxing in turn to create movement. E.g Biceps brachii and triceps brachii = known as ANTAGONISTIC MUSCLE ACTION. AS one muscle shortens the other one lengthens.

Agonist or Prime Mover (Biceps contract) The muscle doing the work (contracting) and creating the movement is called the agonist or prime mover. Flexion (Bending) of the Arm Antagonist (Triceps relax) The muscle which is relaxing and letting the movement take place is called the antagonist. Other muscles support the prime mover (agonist) in creating movement and these are called synergists. Fixtor-the muscle that allows the agonist to work, stabilising the origin.

Origin: Humerus, radius, ulna Insertion: Carpels, Metacarpels, Phalanges Strengthening exercises; Wrist curls, Reverse wrist curls WRIST EXTENSORS AND FLEXORS Movement: Flexion and Extension

Strengthening exercises; Dumb bell curls (downward and upward) Origin: Humerus and ulna Insertion: Radius Elbow joint Movement: Supination and Pronation Radioulnar joint

Strengthening exercises; Biceps curls and tricep extensions Origin: Scapula Insertion: Radius Agonist; Antagonist; Elbow joint Biceps Triceps FLEXION EXTENSION Origin: Scapula and humerus Insertion: Ulna

ORIGIN- Skull and thoracic spine INSERTION- Clavicle and Scapula STRENTHENING EXERCISE: Seated rows MOVEMENT- Extension of the shoulder Shoulder joint

ORIGIN- Clavicle, sternum, ribs INSERTION- Humerus STRENTHENING EXERCISE: Seated rows PECTRALIS MAJOR MOVEMENT- Flexion, Adduction of the shoulder

ORIGIN; Clavicle and scapula INSERTION: Humerus STRENGTHENING EXERCISE; Back press DELTOID MOVEMENT: Flexion, extension and abduction of the shoulder

ORIGIN: Thoracic, Lumbar, sacrum spine and pelvis INSERTION: Humerus STRENGTHENING EXERCISE: Chin ups LATISSIMUS DORSI MOVEMENT: Adduction and extension of the shoulder

SPINE

RECTUS ABDOMINIS ORIGIN: Pelvis INSERTION: Sternum and ribs STRENGTHENING EXERCISE: Crunches Flexion of the spine

EXTERNAL OBLIQUES ORIGIN: RIBS INSERTION: Pelvis STRENGTHENING EXERCISE; Broomstick twists MOVEMENT: Flexion

INTERNAL OBLIQUES ORIGIN: Pelvis INSERTION: Ribs MOVEMENT: Lateral flexion, rotation

ORIGIN: Pelvis and lumbar vertebrae INSERTION: FEMUR STRENGTHENING EXERCISE: Sit ups HIP:ILIOPSOAS MOVEMENT: Flexion of hip

ORIGIN: Pelvis, sacrum and coccyx INSERTION: Femur Strengthening exercises; Bent knee hip extensions MOVEMENT: Extension and rotation of the hip GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

Movement: Abduction, rotation Muscles:Gluteus medius and minimus Origin: Pelvis Insertion: Femur Strengthening exercises; Floor hip abductions HIP

KNEE

Movement: Flexion, extension Muscles: Hamstring ( biceps femoris, semiteninosus, Semimembranosus Origin: Pelvis, Femur Insertion: Tibia and Fibula Strengthening exercises; Leg curls

Knee

Movement: Flexion, extension Muscles:Quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus Medialis, vastus intermediuus Origin: Pelvis, Femur Insertion: Tibia Strengthening exercises; Dumbbell squats

Ankle Movement: Dorsiflexion and planarflexion Muscles: Tibialis anterior Origin: Tibia Insertion: Tarsals and metatarsals Strengthening exercises; one leg toes raises

Muscles:Gastrocnemius and soleus Origin: Gastrocnemius- femur Soleus- tibia and fibula Insertion: Calcaneus Strengthening exercises; one leg toe raises Ankle Movement:Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

TYPES OF MUSCULAR CONTRACTION ISOTONIC - the muscle is moving while contracting, it can be divided into concentric and eccentric contractions CONCENTRIC- contractions involve the muscle shortening while contracting e.g biceps brachii in elbow flexion ECCENTRIC- contraction involves muscle lengthening whilst contracting e.g. bicep brachii in elbow extension

ISOMETRIC Contractions occur when there is tension on the muscle but NO movement E.G static contractions occur when holding your weight in a stationary position HANDSTAND

MUSCLE SHORTENING MUSCLE LENGTHENING

ISOKINETIC Contractions cause the muscle to shorten in length and increase in tension whilst working at a constant speed against a variable resistance E.G. running on a treadmill ISOKINETIC MEANS ‘SAME SPEED’