Teadusliku uurimistöö alused Organisatsioonikäitumine 3. Sotsiaalteaduslik uurimistöö 2013 sügissemester, M.Heidmets.

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Teadusliku uurimistöö alused Organisatsioonikäitumine 3. Sotsiaalteaduslik uurimistöö 2013 sügissemester, M.Heidmets

Sotsiaalteadused Wikipedia Anthropology Communication Cultural studies Development studies Economics Education Geography History International Relations Linguistics Political science Psychology Social policy Social work Sociology European Science Foundation Business & Administration Communication Sciences Demography Economics Environmental Sciences Geography International Relations Law Pedagogy and Education Political Sciences Psychology and Cognitive Sciences Social Anthropology Social Statistics and Informatics Sociology Women Studies

Sotsiaalteadused: inimese ja ühiskonna uurimine Inimese ja ühiskonna uurimise iseärasused: –Osalus ja vaatepunkt. Uurija on uuritavas osaline –Nähtuste mõõdetavus. Kui täpselt saab mõõta väärtuseid, organisatsioonikultuuri, eelarvamusi, hirme … –Kultuurispetsiifilisus. Individualism Hollandis ja Iraanis? –Poliitiline tundlikkus –Palju tõdesid?

Sotsiaalteaduslikud paradigmad ajalooline (N.Elias! - tsivliseerumine) positivistlik (loodusteaduslik mõõtmine) funktsionalistlik (E.Durkheim – ühiskonna stabiilsus = struktureerumine + funktsioonide jaotus sümbolistlik (objektide, sündmustel tähendused, mis asuvad omavahelistesse suhetesse) etnometodoloogiline (tavainimese positsioon – kuidas näeb ja interpreteerib) feministlik (naise positsioonilt asjad teisiti!)

Vahepala: konstruktivism Teadmine on kokkulepe! Constructionism became prominent in the U.S. with Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann’s 1966 book, The Social Construction of Reality. Berger and Luckmann argue that all knowledge, including the most basic, taken-for-granted common sense knowledge of everyday reality, is derived from and maintained by social interactions. When people interact, they do so with the understanding that their respective perceptions of reality are related, and as they act upon this understanding their common knowledge of reality becomes reinforced. Since this common sense knowledge is negotiated by people, human typifications, significations and institutions come to be presented as part of an objective reality. It is in this sense that it can be said that reality is socially constructed. Social constructionism is usually opposed to essentialism which defines specific phenomena instead in terms of transhistorical essences independent of conscious beings that determine the categorical structure of reality Strong social constructionists oppose the existence of "brute" facts. That a mountain is a mountain (as opposed to just another undifferentiated clump of earth) is socially engendered, and not a brute fact. That the concept of mountain is universally admitted in all human languages reflects near-universal human consensus, but does not make it an objective reality. Similarly for all apparently real objects and events: trees, cars, snow, collisions. This leads to the view that all reality is a social construction, which is close to the view of many post-modernist philosophers like Jean-François Lyotard, who claim that our view of reality is really a narrative, a discourse rooted in consensus

Konstruktid Konstrukt: kokkulepitud ühisarusaam (mõnedele uskumus, mõnedele kahtlusobjekt), mida taastoodetakse sotsiaalse suhtluse käigus Konstrukti muutumine: kool, sooline võrdõiguslikkus, Konstantin Päts, HIV/AIDS Teaduslikud konstruktid: hoiak, väärtused, organisatsioonikultuur, neurootiline isiksus, fundamentaalne atributsiooniviga Teadus: konstruktide loomine, mõõtmine, debatt

Sotsiaalsed faktid ja teooriad Sotsiaalne fakt: püsiv (sageli statistiline) seaduspära. Haridustase positiivses korrelatsioonis sissetulekuga, frustratsioon suurendab agressiivse käitumise tõenäosust … Teooria: faktide ja seoste seletusviis. Kognitiivse dissonantsi teooria, sotsiaalsete representatsioonide teooria … Teooria = konstruktsioon. Tegelikkuse sotsiaalne konstrueerimine. Positivistlik paradigma ja kvalitatiivne alternatiiv

Sotsiaalteaduste rakendused Alus- ja rakendusuuringud sotsiaalteadustes Uurimistulemuse praktilise kasutamise viisid: publitseerimine, ettepanekud, avalik arutelu, Levinud rakendusvaldkonnad: turu-uuringud, personalivalik, juhtimisotsused, strateegiakujundus, haridustehnoloogiad … Üliõpilastööde rakendused

Organisatsioonikäitumine Journal of Organisational Behavior, Edited By: Neal M. Ashkanasy ISI Journal Citation Reports © Ranking: 2010: 15/67 (Psychology Applied); 22/101 (Business); 38/140 (Management), Online ISSN: Organisational behaviour : "The study of human behaviour in organisational settings, the interface between human behaviour and the organisational context, and the organisation itself.“ The definition has three elements — the individual behaviour, the organisation and the interface between the two. Each individual brings to an organisation a unique set of beliefs, values, attitudes and other personal characteristics and these characteristics of all individuals must interact with each other in order to create organisational settings and culture. (Melton, 2007)