The regional anatomy of head

CHAPTER 1 THE HEAD SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION Ⅰ. Boundaries : lower border of mandible —the angle of mandible —the mastoid process —the superior nuchal line —the external occipital protuberance Ⅱ. Divisions: the face the cranium — supra-orbital margin— zygomatic arch— superior margin of external acoustic meatus— mastoid process.

Ⅲ. Surface anatomy: Surface landmarks: frontal tuber external occipital protuberance pterion supraorbital foramen angle of mandible mastoid process infraorbital foramen mental foramen zygomatic arch superior nuchal line

SECTION 2 THE CRANIUM Ⅰ. Divisions: the vertex (calvaria) the frontoparietooccipital region the temporal region the base of cranium (base of skull) internal surface external surface the cavity of cranium (cranial cavity) brain meninges and blood vessels cranial nerves

Ⅱ. The vertex: the frontoparietooccipital region : between the right and left temporal lines; from the eyebrow to the superior nuchal line The scalp: it consists of 5 layers: skin superficial fascia and superficial structures epicranial aponeurosis subaponeurotic loose connectiv tissue Pericraneum

The scalp: it consists of 5 layers: skin superficial fascia and superficial structures — the features — the blood vessles — the nerves

The scalp: it consists of 5 layers: skin superficial fascia and superficial structures — the features — the blood vessles & nerves Anterior group: — supratrochlear a., v. and n. — supraorbital a., v. and n. Lateral group: — superficial temporal a. and v. auriculotemporal n. — posterior auricular a. and v. lesser occipital n. Posterior group: — occipital a. and v. greater occipital n.and third occipital n.

The scalp: it consists of 5 layers: skin superficial fascia and superficial structures epicranial aponeurosis subaponeurotic loose connectiv tissue pericraneum

The scalp: it consists of 5 layers: skin superficial fascia and superficial structures epicranial aponeurosis subaponeurotic loose connectiv tissue pericraneum

Ⅲ. The cavernous sinus: Position: It is on the both sides of the sella turcica Contains: Oculomotor n. Trochlear n. Ophthalmic n. Maxillary n. Internal carotid a. Abducent n.

3. The communications of cavernous sinus:

SECTION 3 THE FACE Ⅰ.The superficial structures: Skin Superficial fiscia and structures Facial a. Facial v. Superficial lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes Branches of the trigeminal n. Branches of facial n.

Facial a.

Facial v. ：

Superficial lymphatic vessles—— submandibular lymph nodes

The branches of the trigeminal n. Ophthalmic supraorbital n. Maxillary n. Mandibular n. The branches of facial n. temporal branches zygomatic branches buccal branches marginal mandibular branches cervical branch

Ⅱ. The deep structures of lateral part of face: The parotid gland: The position: The general feature: 2 parts— superficial and deep parts

The parotid gland: The position: The general feature: The fascia sheath of parotid gland

The parotid gland: The relationship: Anteriorly: masseter, posterior border of ramus of mandible, medial pterygoid Posteriorly: sternocleidomastoid, posterior belly of digastric, Posteromedially: internal carotid a. and internal jugular v., vagus n., accessory n. and hypoglossal n. Medially: lateral wall of pharynx

The parotid gland: Structures passing through the gland: 2 groups — external carotid a. superficial temporal a. and v. retromandibular v. auriculotemporal n. — maxillary a. and v. transverse facial a. and v. facial n. and it’s branches

The parotid gland: Parotid duct Parotid lymph nodes

Thank You!