1. Nerve supply of the face
The facial nerve:
Supplies the muscles of facial expression with motor fibres.
The muscles receive its sensory and proprioceptive fibres form the nerve supplying the overlying skin.
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2. Nerve supply of the face
The nerve emerges from the base of the skull through the stylomastoid foramen near the origin of posterior belly of digastric muscle.
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3. Nerve supply of the face The facial nerve:
Posterior auricular nerve:
pass upwards behind the ear to supply the occipital belly of occipitofrontalis muscle
Muscular branch:
divide to supply the posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid muscles
The nerve then approaches the posteromedial surface of the parotid gland and divide into:
upper temporozygomatic
lower cervicofacial
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4. Nerve supply of the face The facial nerve:
Within the parotid it divide and redivide and lie superficial to the retromandibular vein and external carotid artery
Temporal branch:
emerge from the upper border of the parotid cross the arch and supply auricularis anterior and superior and part of the frontalis, wrinkling of the forehead.
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5. Nerve supply of the face The facial nerve:
Zygomatic branches:
upper and lower branches, passes above and below the eye
the upper supply the frontalis and upper half of the orbicularis oculi
The lower supply the lower part of the orbicularis muscle and the upper and lower eyelid.
paralysis prevent blinking and the spreading of tear film and dry cornea and ulceration.
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6. Nerve supply of the face The facial nerve:
Buccal branches:
supply the buccinator and the muscle fibres of the upper lip, orbicularis oris and lower part of elevators
Paralysis emptying of the cheek pouch
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7. Nerve supply of the face The facial nerve:
Marginal mandibular branch:
emerges from the lower border of the gland and pass into the neck below the angle of mandible crosses the inferior border at the anterior border of the masseter over the facial artery.
Supply the muscles of the lower lip
permanent paralysis of the lower lip
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8. Nerve supply of the face The facial nerve:
Cervical branch:
pass vertically down from the lower border of the parotid, behind the mandible to supply the platysma muscle.
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9. Nerve supply of the face
Sensory supply of the face:
The skin of the face (except the angle of the mandible) is supplied by the three branches of the trigeminal nerve
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10. Nerve supply of the face
It is divided into three zones by a line above the margin of the eyelid and another at the angle of the mouth. The lines curve upwards and back
The muscles are supplied with proprioceptive fibres from the same cutaneous nerves.
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11. Nerve supply of the face
The trigeminal nerve:
Ophthalmic:
5 cutaneous branches
Maxillary:
3 cutaneous branches
Mandibular:
3 cutaneous branches.
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12. Nerve supply of the face Ophthalmic division:
Lacrimal nerve:
supply a small area of the skin over the lateral part of the upper eyelid
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13. Nerve supply of the face Ophthalmic division:
Supraorbital nerve:
Emerge through a foramen toward the medial end of the upper orbital margin
Passes upward and divide into many branches and supply the forehead and scalp up to the vertex.
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14. Nerve supply of the face Ophthalmic division:
Supratrochlear nerve:
Medial to supraorbital emerges from the frontal foramen
Supply the middle of forehead up to hairline
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15. Nerve supply of the face The Maxillary nerve
Infratrochlear nerve:
Supply the skin on the medial part of the upper eyelid and over the bridge of the nose.
All the above four branches supply the upper lid conjunctiva
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16. Nerve supply of the face The Maxillary nerve
External nasal nerve:
Emerges between the nasal bone and upper nasal cartilage
Supply the middle of external nose down to the tip
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17. Nerve supply of the face The Maxillary nerve
Infraorbital nerve:
emerges through the foramen, lie between levator labii superiors and levator anguli oris
Palpebral branches:
lower eyelid and cheek.
Nasal branches:
sides and ala of the nose.
Labial branches:
upper lip & labial gum
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18. Nerve supply of the face The Maxillary nerve
Zygomaticofacial nerve:
Foramen on the outer surface of zygomatic bone
supply overlying skin
Zygomaticotemporal nerve:
emerges in the temporal fossa from a foramen in the temporal surface of the zygomatic bone
supply the skin over the front of the temple on a level with the upper eyelid, the hairless part of the temple
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19. Nerve supply of the face Mandibular nerve:
Auriculotemporal branch:
pass behind the neck of the condyle and ascend over the root of the zygoma behind the superficial temporal vessels
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20. Nerve supply of the face Mandibular nerve:
The auricular part:
supply the external auditory meatus, skin of auricle and tympanic membrane
The temporal part:
hairy skin over the temple
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21. Nerve supply of the face Mandibular nerve:
Long buccal nerve:
supply the skin of the cheek under the zygomatic bone
Mental nerve:
break into tufts of small branches
supply the skin and mucous membrane of the lower lip and the labial gum to the lower premolar teeth
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22. Nerve supply of the face Mandibular nerve:
Greater Auricular nerve:
C2 and 3, pass vertically over the sterno- cleidomastoid
Supply the skin on the face over the angle of the mandible, the parotid and its fascia and the auricle, its cranial surface and the lower part of the lateral surface.
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