1. Arterial Supply of head and Neck

2. Objectives By the end of this lecture we should be able to cover ILO:
- Enlist arterial supply, and venous drainage of the head and neck
- Recognize the different origins of the right and left common carotid arteries
- Recognize the major branches of the external carotid artery
- Learn about the carotid body, and it’s clinical significance
- Familiarize with the term Jugular venous pressure
Objectives

3. Blood Supply: Major arteries
Head & Neck
Blood Supply:
Major arteries

4. Blood supply- Arteries
The arterial supply of the head and neck is derived from the common carotid, vertebral and subclavian arteries.
The right common carotid arises from the brachiocephalic trunk.
The left common carotid arises from the aortic arch directly.

5. Blood supply- Arteries
The common carotid runs upwards in the neck to the upper border of the thyroid cartilage.
Then it divides into external an internal carotid arteries.

6. Blood supply- Arteries
I The external carotid artery provides the major blood supply for the face and mouth.
The two major terminal branches of the external carotid artery are the maxillary and the facial arteries.

7. Blood supply- Arteries

8. Blood supply- Arteries
i. The maxillary artery is the large of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery.
It arises behind the angle of the mandible and supplies the deep structures of the face.

9. Blood supply- Arteries
Major branches of the maxillary artery:
Infraorbital artery
Posterior superior alveolar artery
Inferior alveolar artery 1 2 3

10. Blood supply- Arteries
Infraorbital artery gives branches to anterior and middle superior alveolar arteries. Their distribution to the maxillary incisors and cuspid teeth and to the maxillary sinuses.
Posterior superior alveolar artery. Its distribution is to the maxillary molar and premolar teeth and gingiva.
Inferior alveolar artery. It descends close to the medial surface of the mandibular ramus to the mandibular foramen. Before entering the foramen, it gives off the mylohyoid branch which supplies tissues in the floor of the mouth.

11. Blood supply- Arteries
ii. The facial artery is the other major branch of the external carotid artery.
It enters the face at the inferior border of the mandible. It passes forward and upward across the cheek towards the angle of the mouth.
It continues upward along the side of the nose and ends at the medial canthus (inner corner) of the eye.

12. Blood supply- Arteries
iii. The lingual artery also is a branch of the external carotid artery.
Its distribution is along the surface of the tongue.

13. Blood supply- Arteries
II The internal carotid artery has a dilation at its root, the carotid sinus.
The internal carotid artery has no branches outside the skull and enters the skull through the carotid canal.
Inside the skull the internal carotid artery gives off the ophthalmic artery which supplies the optic nerve, eye, orbit and scalp.

14. Head & Neck
Major veins

15. Head and neck major veins drainage
The venous drainage of the head and neck begins as drainage of the brain.
The superior and inferior sagittal sinuses drain to the transverse then sigmoid sinuses to form the internal jugular vein.
The ophthalmic veins from the orbit drain backwards to the cavernous sinus or forwards to the facial vein.

16. Head and neck major veins
The cavernous sinus drains to the pterygoid plexus of veins, through the superior petrosal sinus to the transverse sinus and through the inferior petrosal sinus to the internal jugular vein.
Facial vein
Cavernous sinus
Pituitary plexus
Superior petrosal sinus
Inferior petrosal sinus
Internal jugular vein
Transverse sinus
Confluence of sinuses

17. Head and neck major veins

18. Head and neck major veins
The maxillary and superficial temporal veins form the retromandibular vein behind the angle of the mandible.

19. Head and neck major veins
The retromandibular vein communicates with the external jugular vein and the internal jugular vein.
The facial vein drains into the internal jugular vein.
The internal jugular vein empties into the superior veina cava, which returns blood from the upper portion of the body to right atrium of the heart.

20. Faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Asmaa%20Faden/.../Head% 20and%20Neck%20II-.ppt
Clinically applied Anatomy for Keith Moore
References