1. Arteries of the head & neck
The face receives rich blood supply from two main vessels, the facial and the superficial temporal arteries.
It is supplemented by small vessels, supratrochlear and supraorbital from the internal carotid artery
1/1/2018

2. Arteries of the head & neck
Teeth and oral structures are supplied by:
Maxillary artery.
Lingual artery.
All the arteries are branches from the external and internal carotid arteries
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3. Arteries of the head & neck
Common carotid artery:
The right artery arise from the brachiocephalic artery and the left from the arch of the aorta.
Runs upward and back and divide at the upper border of the thyroid cartilage into two terminal branches the external and internal arteries
1/1/2018

4. Arteries of the head & neck
Carotid sinus:
a localized dilatation at the terminal part of common carotid artery
contain numerous nerve endings from glossopharyngeal nerve
It serve as a pressoreceptor that assist in regulating the blood pressure in the cerebral artery
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5. Arteries of the head & neck
Carotid body:
A small reddish structure, lies posterior to the bifurcation
innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve
A chemoreceptor sensitive to anoxia, producing a rise in blood pressure, heart rate & increase in respiration
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6. Arteries of the head & neck
External Carotid Artery:
It begins at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage near the greater horn of the hyoid bone and terminates in the substance of the parotid gland
At The origin:
It lies medial to the internal carotid then it passes back and lateral

7. Arteries of the head & neck
The internal jugular vein lies lateral but higher up it passes posterior and deep.
It is overlapped by the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
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8. Arteries of the head & neck
It pass upward deep to the posterior belly of the digastric and stylohyoid muscles
It pierces the deep lamina of the parotid fascia and enters the gland separated from the internal carotid by the deep part
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9. Arteries of the head & neck
Branches:
Three from in front:
Superior thyroid
Lingual
Facial
Diverge widely from each other
Two from behind:
Occipital
Posterior auricular
pass up along the upper and lower border of digastric
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10. Arteries of the head & neck
One medial:
Ascending pharyngeal
ascend along the side wall of the pharynx
Two terminal:
Maxillary
Superficial temporal
Within the substance of the parotid
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11. Arteries of the head & neck
Superior thyroid:
Runs vertically downward to the upper pole of the thyroid cartilage
Branches:
The superior laryngeal artery
A branch to the sterno-cleidomastoid muscle.
1/1/2018

12. Arteries of the head & neck
Lingual artery:
It form a loop opposite the tip of the greater horn of the hyoid bone
Pass deep to the hyoglossus muscle to enter the submandibular region
Branches:
Dorsal lingual:
ascend to the dorsum & tip of tongue
Sublingual artery:
sublingual salivary gland & structures
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13. Arteries of the head & neck
Facial artery:
Ascend upward on the superior constrictor muscle and deep to the digastric and stylohyoid muscles and submandibular gland
Indent the surface and makes an S bend around the gland and cross the inferior border of the mandible at the anterior border of the masseter
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14. Arteries of the head & neck Facial artery:
Runs upward in a tortuous course to the angle of the mouth under the platysma
Ascend deep to zygomaticus and the levator labii superioris along the side of the nose to the medial angle of the eye
Anastomose with the terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery
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15. Arteries of the head & neck Facial artery:
Branches:
Five in number then terminate as the angular artery
Tonsillar artery:
Tonsil and soft palate
Submental artery:
Skin of the chin and lower lip, anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid muscle and sublingual salivary gland.
1/1/2018

16. Arteries of the head & neck Facial artery:
Inferior labial artery:
Runs medially in lower lip, anatomizing with opposite.
Superior labial artery:
Upper lip, nasal septum and ala of nose
Lateral nasal artery:
Skin on the lateral and dorsum of nose
1/1/2018

17. Arteries of the head & neck
Occipital artery:
Arises from the back at the level of the facial artery
Ascend backward along the lower border of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle.
Supply the back of the scalp
the posterior triangle
two branches to the sternocleidomastoid muscle
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18. Arteries of the head & neck
Posterior auricular artery:
Arises above the upper border of the digastric muscle
Branches:
Auricular branches:
supply the pinna of ear
Stylomastoid branch:
supply the facial nerve
Stapedial branch:
To the stapedius muscle
1/1/2018

19. Arteries of the head & neck
Ascending pharyngeal artery:
Arises from the medial side at the beginning of the external carotid artery.
Run deep to the internal carotid along the side wall of the pharynx
Supply the pharyngeal wall and soft palate
Meningeal branches through foramina
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20. Arteries of the head & neck
Maxillary artery:
One of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery.
Enter the infratemporal fossa deep to the condyle with the Auriculotemporal nerve superficial to it.
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21. Arteries of the head & neck Maxillary artery:
Pass between the two heads of lateral pterygoid muscle deep into the pterygomaxillary fissure and enter the pterygo-palatine fossa
Leaves the fossa through the foramen and become the sphenopalatine artery to the nose
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22. Arteries of the head & neck Maxillary artery:
Branches
Descriptively it is in three parts in relation to the muscle,
each part gives five branches
Branches from the first and third part enter bony foramina
First part
Before it reaches the muscle
Second part
On the muscle
Third part
After the muscle
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23. Arteries of the head & neck Maxillary artery:
The first part:
Inferior alveolar artery:
Passes downward and forward and join the nerve and the vein at the mandibular foreman
passes forward in the I-D canal supplying the body
Dental branches supply lower teeth
Mental branch supply the lip and skin
Atrophies in old age when the bone resorb
1/1/2018

24. Arteries of the head & neck
Middle meningeal artery:
Enter the skull through foramen spinosum
Supply the base of the skull
Accessory meningeal nerve:
Enter the skull through foramen ovale
Chief arterial supply for the trigeminal ganglion
Deep auricular artery:
Supply the external acoustic meatus
Anterior tympanic artery:
Join the anastomosis around the tympanic membrane
1/1/2018

25. Arteries of the head & neck
The second part:
This supply the pterygoid and the temporalis muscle, other accompany the lingual and long buccal nerves
The third part:
Posterior superior alveolar nerve:
Accompany nerves and enter the bone through foramina in the posterior wall of the maxilla
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26. Arteries of the head & neck
Greater palatine artery
Enter the foramen and supply the hard palate
Pharyngeal branches:
Enter the palatovaginal canal
Artery of the pterygoid canal
Infraorbital artery:
Enter the inferior orbital fissure along the floor of the orbit then to the infraorbital canal and emerges in the face through the infraorbital foramen
1/1/2018

27. Arteries of the head & neck
Superficial temporal artery:
Is a terminal branch of the external carotid passes behind the TMJ crossing the posterior root of the zygomatic arch
Branches widely and supply the skin over the temporalis fascia
Middle temporal artery
pierces the fascia and run deep to the muscle
1/1/2018

28. Arteries of the head & neck
Supraorbital artery:
Is a branch of the ophthalmic artery and emerge with the nerve
Is a large branch supply the front of the scalp up to the vertex
Anastomoses with the superficial temporal artery connecting the external & internal carotid arteries
1/1/2018

29. Arteries of the head & neck
Supratrochlear artery:
A branch of the ophthalmic, from the internal carotid artery
Supply the frontal part of the skull medially
Anastomose with the superficial temporal artery establishing a free communication between the internal and external carotid arteries
1/1/2018

30. Arteries of the head & neck
Clinically:
External carotid artery is exposed through an incision along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, passing downward from the angle of the mandible
It lies anterior and is the only carotid with branches in the neck
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31. Arteries of the head & neck
The common carotid is exposed through a transverse incision over the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle above the sternoclavicular joint
Free communication between the external carotid arteries and cross circulation through the circle of Willis provide good blood supply to the face and the cranium
1/1/2018