The Elements of Design Chapter 16

Space The 3-D expanse that a designer is working with, as well as the area around or between objects within that expanse Designers must consider the size of the overall design space and the arrangement of objects within that space

Size of Space Large, open spaces can give a feeling of freedom Large spaces with high ceilings and elaborate designs can convey a feeling of luxury Too much empty space can make a person feel lonely and uncomfortable Small spaces can make people feel confined or crowded Well designed small spaces can make people feel snug & secure; gives a sense of privacy & intimacy

Use of Space Examples

Arrangement of Space You have 2 choices with space: fill it or leave it empty When space is limited, limit the number of furnishings to keep as much space open as possible Select furniture that can serve more than one purpose Select plain furniture When space is very large, you can physically divide it with permanent or temporary room dividers Arrange furniture in small clusters, use folding screens

Line Delineates space, outlines form, and conveys a sense of movement or direction Delineates space when lines intersect to create 2-D planes (marking edges of a wall) Outlines form with the outer edges of an object Conveys movement and direction by the outlines of objects, by lines formed by groups of objects, and lines that make up fabric and wallpaper patterns Lines are either straight or curved and placed in a direction

Creating Effects with Line Separate or unify space The illusion of increased height The illusion of width

Conveying feelings with Line Horizontal lines suggest rest Vertical lines suggest action Diagonal or zigzag lines convey excitement and movement Circles, curves, and ovals are usually perceived as more natural and free than straight lines Too many lines can lead to continuous eye movement, which causes feelings of tiredness & frustration

Visual Effects Using Line

Use of line in Design

Form The shape and structure of solid objects Large, heavy objects give a feeling of stability, as does long, low tables When the bottom of an object is too small in proportion to the top, it gives the appearance of instability Harmonious design – a design in which every item fits well with the others; it is important that forms of furniture harmonize with each other

Form in design

Texture The appearance or feel of a surface Plush carpet & furniture provide a sense of comfort Nubby, rough materials convey ruggedness & stability Velvets & brocades suggest luxury Glass, metal & stone give a feeling of coolness Texture can add variety & interest to a room Texture affects the way light reflects off of objects and therefore affects the perceived color of an object

Texture examples

Texture & Variety