1. The Elements of Design

2. Space
The 3-D expanse that a designer is working with, as well as the area around or between objects within that expanse
Designers must consider the size of the overall design space and the arrangement of objects within that space

3. Size of Space
Large, open spaces can give a feeling of freedom. Small spaces can make people feel confined or crowded
Too much empty space can make a person feel lonely and uncomfortable
Well designed small spaces can make people feel snug & secure; gives a sense of privacy & intimacy.

4. Use of Space Examples

5. Arrangement of Space
3. You have 2 choices with space: fill it or leave it empty
When space is limited, limit the number of furnishings to keep as much space open as possible
Select furniture that can serve more than one purpose
Select plain furniture
When space is very large, you can physically divide it with permanent or temporary room dividers
Arrange furniture in small clusters, use folding screens

6. Line
4. Line Delineates space, outlines form, and conveys a sense of movement or direction
Lines are either straight or curved and placed in a direction

7. Conveying feelings with Line
5. Different lines convey different feelings
Horizontal lines suggest rest
Vertical lines suggest height and action
Diagonal or zigzag lines convey excitement and movement
Circles, curves, and ovals are usually perceived as more natural and free than straight lines
Too many lines can lead to continuous eye movement, which causes feelings of tiredness & frustration

8. Visual Effects Using Line

9. Use of line in Design

10. Form 6. Form is the shape and structure of solid objects
Large, heavy objects give a feeling of stability, as does long, low tables
When the bottom of an object is too small in proportion to the top, it gives the appearance of instability
7. Harmonious design – a design in which every item fits well with the others; furniture needs to harmonize with each other

11. Form in design

12. Texture 8. Texture is the appearance or feel of a surface
Plush carpet & furniture provide a sense of comfort
Nubby, rough materials convey ruggedness & stability
Velvets & brocades suggest luxury
Glass, metal & stone give a feeling of coolness
9. Texture can add variety & interest to a room
Texture affects the way light reflects off of objects and therefore affects the perceived color of an object

13. Texture examples

14. Texture & Variety