Section 1: The Unification of Italy CHAPTER 16 Nationalism in Europe Section 1: The Unification of Italy Objectives Describe the events that led to nationalist movements for unification in Italy. Identify the important leaders in the fight for the unification of Italy. Explain the problems Italy faced after unification.

The Unification of Italy SECTION 1 The Unification of Italy 16.1 Bell Ringer: What were Cavour’s options for preventing Garibaldi from taking power? Problem: Garibaldi could take power from Cavour Option 1 Option 2 attack Garibaldi allow Garibaldi to take power Advantage: Advantage: Disadvantage: Disadvantage:

The Unification of Italy SECTION 1 The Unification of Italy Ideals of the French Revolution United under Napoleon

Austria ruled Lombardy and Venetia. SECTION 1 The Unification of Italy Austria ruled Lombardy and Venetia. Congress of Vienna divided Italy into several large & small states.

The Unification of Italy SECTION 1 The Unification of Italy Despite this, nationalism continued to grow…

Risorgimento The Unification of Italy SECTION 1 Early 1800s, thinkers & writers tried to revive interest in Italy’s traditions … Risorgimento Goals? LIBERATION UNIFICATION

Carbonari The Unification of Italy SECTION 1 Nationalists could not work openly and had to form secret societies.

Mazzini The Unification of Italy SECTION 1 “neither pope nor king” but rather a republic.

Young Italy The Unification of Italy SECTION 1 …the first Italian democratic movement embracing all social classes – wealthy, intellectuals, farmers, students, workers… …by 1833 there were 60,000 members

The Unification of Italy SECTION 1 The Unification of Italy 1848 – revolts in various Italian states – they overthrow Austrian rule in Lombardy & Venetia. In 1849 the revolutionaries seized Rome, setting up a republic governed by Mazzini and two other leaders. His rule was short-lived. The pope appealed to Catholic countries for help, and a French army landed in Italy; after heroic resistance, the republic was crushed, and Mazzini left Rome.

The Unification of Italy SECTION 1 The Unification of Italy The revolts of 1848-49 failed. Only the Kingdom of Sardinia (Piedmont-Sardinia) remained a completely independent state.

The Unification of Italy SECTION 1 The Unification of Italy Italian nationalists had little success . . . Conservatives = federation of Italian states ruled by the pope Liberals = a constitutional monarchy under Victor Emmanuel of Sardinia

The Unification of Italy SECTION 1 The Unification of Italy Camillo Cavour chief minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia Wanted Sardinia to lead the way in uniting Italy

The Unification of Italy SECTION 1 The Unification of Italy Austria was the greatest barrier in Italian unification. The Two Players …. Cavour Napoleon III

The Unification of Italy SECTION 1 The Unification of Italy

Guiseppe Garibaldi 1854 Red Shirts SECTION 1 The Unification of Italy Guiseppe Garibaldi 1854 Red Shirts

The Unification of Italy SECTION 1 The Unification of Italy “Expedition of the Thousand”

The Unification of Italy Visual Source The Unification of Italy

The Unification of Italy SECTION 1 The Unification of Italy In the fall of 1860 Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel met in Naples.

Unification and Its Problems SECTION 1 The Unification of Italy Unification and Its Problems Little experience with self-gov’t Cultural differences divided the country Tensions between industrialized north and agricultural south Standard of living was very low Labor problems

The Unification of Italy Political Cartoon The Unification of Italy

The Unification of Italy Visual Sources The Unification of Italy

The Unification of Italy Political Cartoon The Unification of Italy The Right Leg in the Boot at Last!! Garibaldi:"If it won't go on Sire, try a little powder." (as in GUNpowder)

The Unification of Italy Political Cartoon The Unification of Italy Carbonari Cavour Republic Young Italy movement Risorgimento Victor Emmanuel Garibaldi Cavour dealing with Austria Sardinia’s war with Austria Unification efforts after 1848 revolutions Mazzini

The Unification of Italy Political Cartoon The Unification of Italy

The Unification of Italy Political Cartoon The Unification of Italy Punch 27 Oct 1860 Garibaldi asking Victor Emmanuel if he will carry on the ‘game’ for Italy while on the left Pope Pius IX realizes he has a weak hand. On the right King Francis II of Naples sees himself losing his crown.

The Unification of Italy Political Cartoon The Unification of Italy

The Unification of Italy Political Cartoon The Unification of Italy This Harper's Weekly cartoon glorifies Giuseppe Garibaldi, the military leader of the Italian independence and unification movement, as a liberator of the Italian people from their oppressive rulers.  He appears as Perseus, the mythical Greek hero who rescued Princess Andromeda (here, Sicily) from a sea monster (here, "Bomba," King Ferdinand II of Sicily). 

The Unification of Italy SECTION 1 The Unification of Italy Problem: Garibaldi could take power from Cavour Option 1 Option 2 attack Garibaldi allow Garibaldi to take power Advantage: Advantage: reasserts the leadership of Sardinia increases likelihood of taking northern Italy from Austria Disadvantage: Disadvantage: decreases likelihood of capturing northern Italy gives Emmanuel II’s power to Garibaldi