Northern Colonies In northern colonies, religion, not profit, drives colonization Puritan separatists leave Holland and land in Plymouth, 1620, Mayflower.

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Presentation transcript:

Northern Colonies In northern colonies, religion, not profit, drives colonization Puritan separatists leave Holland and land in Plymouth, 1620, Mayflower Compact- moderate self govt. Myles Standish is their leader. Merged with Mass. Bay Colony in 1691 Original co-existence w/ N.Am. > Tension Expansion > conflict with Pequot Nation, exterminated. Metacom, aka King Philip’s War, 1675, last N.Am. Resist. In Puritan colonies

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1630, as a “city on a hill” for Puritans 2/3 of males (churched only) enfranchised John Cotton and other ministers influ. Separation of Church and State Anne Hutchinson, exiled in 1638 Begins Am. trad. of Freedom of Conscience Roger Williams founds RI – religious tolerance

The Dutch Trade, esp. with Native Americans New Netherland Founded in 1613 New Amsterdam founded 1623 Patroonship system Captured by Duke of York 1664 (now NYC)

Middle Colonies PA founded by William Penn in 1681 Quakers- Society of Friends Good PR Good Relations with N. Americans Tolerant and Democratic society NJ sold to Quakers by Puritans, made a Royal Colony in 1702 Farming, Industry, Multi-ethnic Ben Franklin

Maryland Founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore Haven for Catholics in Prot. England Jesuits part of first colony in St. Mary’s City, said first mass in English Colonies Act of Toleration – 1649 – Religious Freedom http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/amerdoc/maryland_toleration.htm Mixed success for Catholics, becomes Protestant majority and later Royal Colony “Brown Gold”

West Indies Sugar is King – cash crop Slaves needed to supply labor Plantation system Staging area for slaves for Southern US Barbados Slave Code of 1661 Part of Triangular Trade Sugar > Molasses > Rum > Slaves > Sugar >

MIDDLE AND SOUTHERN COLONIES In Southern Colonies, development of Plantations leads to slavery “Brown Gold” – tobacco is king in VA Independence of Virginia House of Burgesses ends when James I makes it a royal colony Indentured Servants used at first for labor Headright system 40% fatality rate Problem: no property/rebel/disenfranchised Shift to slaves as labor source

Georgia Founded by James Oglethorpe, 1733 Philanthropist, pauper’s colony Buffer state with Spanish FL Melting pot of ethnicities

Carolinas Founded after Restoration of Charles II 1670 Economy based on Indian Slave Trade Rice Plantations Slaves imported b/c of malaria resistance Port of Charles Town founded Later N. Carolina formed in reaction to elites in VA and SC

COMPARE/CONTRAST NORTHERN MIDDLE SOUTHERN Puritan Religious Comm. Farm & Industry Small Farms Slow, but Growing Conflict w/Indians Good Climate Quaker Rel. Freedom Farms Democratic Tolerant Good Rel.w/Indian Malaria in Chesap. Catholic/Misc. Economic Cash Crops Plantations Slavery Buffer State Punitive Wars Malarial