Lesson 2 Transportation and Growth After the U.S. got its independence, the MAS grew and changed quickly Only two ways to move people…by boats or roads!

Early Transportation Roads traveling with horse and wagon was very hard and slow because… - roads were dirt…mud after rain -full of tree stumps and holes -could only carry small amounts of goods Because it was tough traveling, it took longer, and was more expensive too!

Early Transportation Waterways traveling on rivers/waterways was much easier and faster…most preferred water travel. - faster -easier -could carry larger amounts of goods Because it was easier and faster…it was cheaper too!

Waterways continued… The MAS has wide rivers and waterways Bodies of water that boats can use safely. In the… -East = deep harbors and Atlantic Ocean -West = Lake Ontario and Lake Erie -Everywhere = deep and wide rivers Navigable- a river or waterway that is deep and wide enough for ships to use safely.

Waterways continued… The region’s waterways were not connected though! -there was no good way to move goods from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean -many rivers had rapids, which were rocky places where the elevation dropped = fast and dangerous!

Linking Waterways (p.135) 1817 – New York decides to build a canal- a manmade waterway dug across the land. The Erie Canal- connected the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean miles long -80 locks- areas in a canal where the water level can be raised and lowered (p.136) because of elevation changes.

Linking Waterways (p.135) -Erie Canal increased trade, agriculture (farming) and manufacturing in the region. -NYC became the leading trading city in the U.S.! -Erie Canal also allowed people to begin to move west much easier.

Linking Waterways (p.135) St. Lawrence Seaway was built later and helped to connect even more cities. -Buffalo: leading producer of flour -Rochester: cameras and film -Erie: factories produce heavy machinery

Review! Copy and then answer the following question for homework tonight…Use your notes and textbook to help. Compare and contrast early road travel to water travel? Which was better and why? Use clear examples and vocabulary from what we’ve done so far! -Road travel was hard and very slow -dirt/muddy roads -could only carry small amounts of goods -tree stumps and pot holes slowed wagons down -Water travel was much easier and faster -Great Lakes in west, Atlantic Ocean in east, and many navigable rivers -could carry more on a boat -faster and easier = cheaper -Erie Canal linked the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean -Increased trade, farming and manufacturing ($$$ for the region) -caused many cities to grow and become important centers for business

New Industries (p.137) By the early 1900s, new roads, waterways and railroads = new businesses were started and grew… -business owners could ship things easily and quickly. -they could also build factories closer to the resources they used. Western PA=Steel…because the things needed to make steel were there, iron, coal and limestone. -became the center of the U.S. steel industry

New Industries (p.138) Steel became more important too! -large amounts of it were needed for… -railroad tracks, bridges, ships, buildings, tools and machines. -Pittsburgh became the largest steel producing cities in the U.S. Today, the steel industry is less important because of other materials that are used and strong competition from other countries.

New Industries (p.138) The MAS are still leaders in the manufacturing of… -food products, chemicals, computer equipment, and machinery.

Connecting Cities (p.138) Cities grew and changed over time. Today, the service industry makes up the largest part of the economy. Service Industry- an industry that provides a service rather than goods. -ex: doctors, teachers, nurses, police, firemen, hotels, ski resorts, amusement parks, etc!!!

Connecting Cities (p.138) Now, major highways connect most cities in the U.S., some are called turnpikes. A road that drivers must pay to use. Airlines, buses and high-speed trains also connect cities in the MAS.

Review! With your group, copy and then answer the following question…use your notes to help! How do people travel between the Middle Atlantic States today?