Chapter 23 Southern Africa 7th Grade Social Studies

Vocabulary Enclaves- Countries surrounded or almost surrounded by another country The Veld- (VELT) Open grasslands areas of South Africa Pans- Low, flat, desert areas of southern Africa into which ancient streams drained

Section 1: Physical Geography CHAPTER 23 Southern Africa Section 1: Physical Geography Section 2: Southern Africa’s History and Culture Section 3: South Africa Today Section 4: Other Southern African Countries

Relative location The relative location of Southern Africa is that it lies on the southern 1/3 of the African continent with the Atlantic to the west and the Indian Ocean to the east.

Section 1: Physical Geography Drakensberg Inyanga Mts. Cape of Good Hope Kalahari Desert Namib Desert Orange River Aughrabies Falls Limpopo River x

Why Study Africa? The region is rich in minerals, many of which are imported to the U.S. Many Americans have ancestors from this region. Some of the countries of southern Africa are struggling to improve relationships among different racial and ethnic groups.

Why Study Africa (cont.) Many Americans travel to the region to see wildlife in their natural habitat. Art of the region is unique and in demand throughout the world.

Main Ideas The major landforms of southern Africa are: the Large plateau, the Drakensberg, the Inyanga Mts., and the veld are the major landforms of southern Africa. The location and resources of the region attracted people from all parts of the world.

Main Idea (cont.) The main natural resources of the region are gold, diamonds, platinum, copper, uranium, and iron ore. Petroleum is not itself a mineral resource but is refined from oil Swaziland and Lesotho are enclaves: these are countries that are completely surrounded by another country

Main Idea (cont.) The Drakensberg forces moisture from the Indian Ocean upward and causes the eastern slopes to be rainy, while climates are drier farther inland.

Namib Desert Highest dune in the world The crests of the dunes marked by the wind, can actually alter the direction of the wind. Satellite photo

SOUTHERN AFRICA’S PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY SECTION 1 Physical Geography SOUTHERN AFRICA’S PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY BODIES OF WATER COUNTRIES LANDFORMS CLIMATES RESOURCES South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Madagascar, Swaziland, and Lesotho large plateau, the veld, the Drakensberg, Inyanga Mountains, Kalahari Desert, and Namib Desert desert, semi-arid, steppe, savanna, Mediterranean Orange River, Aughrabies Falls, Limpopo River gold, diamonds, platinum, copper, uranium, coal, and iron ore

Section 2: Southern Africa’s History and Culture

Main Ideas – Section 2 Apartheid was a system of racial segregation which limited power to whites. Not a struggle between Colored and Asians

Nelson Mandela Violence in South Africa (Mandela and Apartheid Part 1) 15min.12sec. DISCOVER VIDEO Man of the Year

Vocabulary Boers- Afrikaner frontier farmers, white descendents of South Africa’s original European colonists

Main Ideas – Section 2 The Bantu affected the history of Southern Africa by establishing Bantu languages there and they are thought to have introduced iron tools and cattle herding.

Main Idea (Section 2 cont.) Archaeologist believe Chinese porcelain came to Great Zimbabwe through an Indian Ocean trade network.

SECTION 2 Southern Africa’s History and Culture GROUP HOW, WHEN, WHERE CULTURAL CHANGES hunter-gatherers, 18,000 B.C., throughout mainland Khoisan language family, rock paintings Khoisan spread from central Africa, 1,500–2,000 years ago, southern Africa Bantu language family, use of iron, cattle herding Bantu built an empire, A.D. 1000, Zimbabwe and Mozambique farmed, raised cattle, traded gold Shona sailors and traders, A.D. 1100, east coast adopted Islam and Arab customs, traded with East Asia Swahili settled on island, A.D. 700, Madagascar Asian and African influences, language related to Indonesia Asians Portuguese traders, early 1500s, Mozambique set up forts, slave use and trade

Section 3: South Africa Today

Vocabulary Apartheid- The South African government policy of separation of races, which began to disappear in the 1980s NOT Coloreds vs. Asians Townships- Special areas of crowded clusters of tiny homes for black South Africans living outside cities Sanctions- An economic or political penalty, such as an embargo, used by one or more countries to force another country to cease an illegal or immoral act

Main Idea (Section 3 cont.) People around the world protested by banning trade with South Africa, refusing to invest money in South Africa, refusing South Africa’s admission to meetings and competitions. Afrikaners are the white descendants of Dutch colonists.

Main Idea – (Section 3 cont.) Challenges that remain for South Africa include lack of equal education and economic opportunities for all races, increased crime rate, and an AIDS epidemic. The #1 Problem

SOUTH AFRICA’S ECONOMY SECTION 3 South Africa Today SOUTH AFRICA’S ECONOMY Resources Industries Concerns coal, hydroelectric power, uranium, gold, diamonds, copper, platinum, iron ore, and chromium computers, cars, televisions, and other products needed for modern life better working conditions for black workers and farmers, most mineral wealth and industries still owned by whites

Strike: A South African Boy 19:46

Section 4: Other Southern African Countries

Vocabulary Organization of African Unity (OAU) An organization, founded in 1963, that tries to promote cooperation among African countries

Main Ideas Diseases affect the people and economy in Zimbabwe because they threaten to kill thousands and leave many orphans, and make economic growth harder. Civil war in Mozambique slowed economic development.

Main Idea – (Section 4 cont.) Namibia has diamonds, copper, lead, zinc, uranium. They provide money through mining and the sale of minerals. Google Earth

Other Southern African Countries SECTION 4 Other Southern African Countries MADAGASCAR’S HISTORY period of democracy 1800s early 1990s 1996 French colony rule of socialist dictator ends former dictator voted back into power

Chapter Wrap-Up CHAPTER 26 1. What are southern Africa’s two deserts like? 2. What made it possible for early southern Africans to trade with Asians? 3. What did the original Bantu migrants bring to southern Africa? 4. How have mineral resources affected South Africa? 5. What three racial groups were defined and separated by apartheid? Which group made up the majority of the population?

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