Greek word“psyche” = mind or soul “logos” = study of The science that deals with the behavior & thinking of organisms.

 The Scientific study of behavior and mental processes that tested through scientific research.

 Science – branch of study based on systematically conducted research  Behavior – activities by people or animals that can be observed directly or measured by special techniques  Thinking – unobservable activity by which a person recognizes past experiences through the use of symbols or concepts  Organism – any living person or animal The science that deals with the behavior & thinking of organisms.

PhysicsChemistryBiologyPsychology Instruments Equipment How body’s chemistry relates to mood, performance & personality disturbance Sense organs Nervous system Glands Brain Focus is on BEHAVIOR “Hard Sciences”

 Describe, explain, predict and influence bahavior

 Gather information about the behavior being studied and present what is known

 Psychologists seek to explain why people behave as they do.  A psychologist will propose their explanations in a hypothesis (an educated guess about some phenomenon, or a prediction of how the study will turn out)  A Psychologist will also form a theory- a complex explanation based on findings from a large number of studies

 Psychologists will predict, using their accumulated knowledge, what organisms will do and what they will think or feel in various situations.

 Some psychologists seek to influence behavior in helpful ways.  Many view psychology as an applied science and are using psychological principles to solve immediate problems.

 To Make sure that data are collected accurately, psychologists rely on the scientific method. 1. Question 2. Hypothesis 3. Experiment 4. Results 5. Conclusions 6. Theory

 School of psychology that argues that the mind consists of sensations, feelings and images that combine to form experiences  Focused on the basic elements of human experience  Used a systematic procedure to study human behavior  Introspection- a method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings William Wundt

 School of psychology that emphasizes the uses or functions of the mind rather than the elements of experience.  The study of how animals and people adapt to their environments  Thinking, feeling, learning and remembering (activities of the mind) serve one function- to help us survive as a species

 Sir Francis Galton  The study of how heredity influences a person’s ability, character and behavior.  He determined that “greatness” ran in families  Would the world be a better place if we got rid of ‘undesirable’ people?  Encouraged “good” Marriages to produce talented offspring  Problems…  Environment interacts with heredity

 Perception is more than the sum of the parts…it involves a “Whole pattern”.  Gestalt (the German word means form or whole ) is a theory that the brain operates holistically, with self-organizing tendencies

Theory: A general framework or idea for scientific study.

 behavior is viewed as a reflection of hidden feelings, unconscious thoughts  created by Sigmund Freud  dream interpretation  behavior is determined by the experiences of early childhood

 All behavior (even instinctive behavior) is the result of conditioning and occurs because a stimulus is there.  Reinforcement-a response to a behavior that increases the likelihood the behavior will be repeated  Focuses on learning through reward and punishment

 believes that people are good and need good care  striving to reach full potential  people are in control of their own destiny  a person’s self-concept is important  Human nature is evolving and self directed- we are not controlled by environment

 Behavior is more than just a quick response to stimulus  Emphasizes how behavior is a result of thinking, internal sentences, and memories  A person’s behavior stems from their perceptions of reality

 This approach emphasizes the impact of biology on our behavior  examines behavior in terms of the physical changes and brain chemistry

 Behavior is influenced by rules and expectations of social groups, families or cultures  Studies religion, race, socioeconomic status

 Psychobiology  Cognitive psychology  Development psychology  Social psychology  Personality psychology  Clinical psychology  Cultural psychology  Health psychology  Educational psychology

 Girls tend to sleep more soundly than boys.  Your brain will stop growing in size when you are about 15 years old.  No one knows why, but more men then women are color blind about out of every 200 men, as compared to 1 out of every 200 women.  During an 8 hour sleep, most people have from three to five dreams, each lasting from 10 to 30 minutes... and they are in color!  One psychological study has revealed that women talk about men three times as often as men talk about women.  The left side of your brain controls the right side of your body and vice versa.

 Girls tend to sleep more soundly than boys.  Your brain will stop growing in size when you are about 15 years old.  No one knows why, but more men then women are color blind about out of every 200 men, as compared to 1 out of every 200 women.  During an 8 hour sleep, most people have from three to five dreams, each lasting from 10 to 30 minutes... and they are in color!  One psychological study has revealed that women talk about men three times as often as men talk about women.  The left side of your brain controls the right side of your body and vice versa.