What is your definition of apartheid?. What is segregation? Give an example of segregation.

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Presentation transcript:

What is your definition of apartheid?

What is segregation? Give an example of segregation.

Essential Question What is apartheid?

Objectives Understand South Africa’s struggle for freedom.

A N CA N C …frican...ational …ongress Established in 1913 Sought political rights for blacks

Led by... ANC began to organize nonviolent protests & boycotts 1931

1948 S.A. gov’t began to further limit freedom of black Africans Gov’t launched a system of….

System of separating South Africa into racial groups under white control

- Whites - Blacks - Coloureds -Asians

Schools, hospitals, playgrounds & beaches were all segregated Set apart according to race

Who they could marry Where to go to school Where they could live What work they do

Blacks couldn’t own land or rent an apartment in white territory 87% of S.A Including rich diamond & gold mines

1959 S.A. parliament created separate, bantustans, or homelands for blacks

Each ethnic group was to have its own homeland Eventually they would be self- governing

Homelands were poorest lands in S.A. Cheap metal & plastic (no heat, electricity, running water)

Blacks = 75% of pop. but only 13% of land was theirs

Blacks couldn’t leave homelands without a pass I don’t have a pass

Only blacks with jobs could get passes Families were separated

We have no choice in the matter! Why not speak up?!

Criticize the gov’t... And go to jail or house arrest (banning)

Books & newspapers were censored

Police were strong (torture was common) Whites given guns (& trained to use)

1960 Hundreds of peaceful marchers met to protest pass laws Police open fire: kill 69 & injure 186

“Sharpeville Massacre” it isolated S.A.

Gov’t banned the ANC & many were jailed ANC went “underground” Formed a more militant wing….

Umkhonto we Sizwe: “Spear of the Nation” Turned to sabotage (blew up RR & public buildings)

Mandela charged with treason Sent to jail for life

S A S OS A S O...outh...frican …tudent …rganization 1969 Started by black university students

Led by... Education in S.A. must be reformed (changed) Let’s protest!

1976 Police fired on students protesting use of Afrikaans in school 600 students killed

Biko was eventually arrested & murdered in prison

1980s: Protests & Riots Reaction by S.A. gov’t = brutality

9/84 - 4/ Africans killed 700 Africans injured 10,000 arrested

S.A. became an int’l outcast ‘70: S.A. banned from Olympics ‘77: United Nations kicked S.A. out

1986 U.S. imposed sanctions on S.A. Discouraged companies from doing business there

Elected president of S.A I’m determined to transform S.A.

Mandela freed (ANC leader) 1990 ANC was unbanned

Parliament repeals segregation laws U.S. sanctions are lifted Pres. Bush ‘91

Int’l Olympic Committee lifted its 21- year ban on S.A. athletes ‘91

Legal barriers were gone, but economic ones weren’t We can’t afford homes Whites still have all the $$$

We still can’t vote! 1994: De Klerk held 1st universal elections