FIRST AID Immediate care given to someone until help arrives. “Good Samaritan Law” You cannot be held responsible for causing further damage as long as you are acting in “Good Faith”.

When approaching a first aid situation, survey the area. Look for dangers to the victim and yourself. Do not risk your own safety. When approaching a first aid situation, survey the area. Look for dangers to the victim and yourself. Do not risk your own safety. DO NOT MOVE---UNLESS--there is immediate danger to the victim, or a different surface is required. Further injury to head-neck-spinal is a great concern. DO NOT MOVE---UNLESS--there is immediate danger to the victim, or a different surface is required. Further injury to head-neck-spinal is a great concern. Primary Survey

Secondary Survey Check vital signs and symptoms for a more detailed evaluation of the injury. Check vital signs and symptoms for a more detailed evaluation of the injury. The prime concern is to maintain heart beat (ABC’s) and breathing function. The prime concern is to maintain heart beat (ABC’s) and breathing function. Determine the seriousness of the injury Determine the seriousness of the injury Determine the type of first aid necessary Determine the type of first aid necessary

Secondary Survey Recognizing the Vital Signs Skin color: can quickly be used to identify medical emergencies. Skin color: can quickly be used to identify medical emergencies. Red skin = heatstroke, high blood pressure Red skin = heatstroke, high blood pressure Pale skin = insufficient circulation, shock, hemorrage, heat exhaustion, or insulin shock Pale skin = insufficient circulation, shock, hemorrage, heat exhaustion, or insulin shock Blue/ Dark skin = poorly oxygenated blood (airway obstruction or respiratory failure) Blue/ Dark skin = poorly oxygenated blood (airway obstruction or respiratory failure)

Pulse: should be taken at the carotid artery or the radial artery with two fingers. Pulse: should be taken at the carotid artery or the radial artery with two fingers. Adult resting pulse Adult resting pulse Child resting pulse Child resting pulse Rapid and weak = shock, bleeding, diabetic coma, or heat exhaustion Rapid and weak = shock, bleeding, diabetic coma, or heat exhaustion Rapid and strong = heat stroke Rapid and strong = heat stroke Slow and strong = skull fracture or stroke Slow and strong = skull fracture or stroke No pulse = cardiac arrest or death No pulse = cardiac arrest or death QBc QBc QBc QBc

BURNS 3 distinct levels of burns can occur. 3 distinct levels of burns can occur. Cause pain, peeling, damage to skin, pre- cancerous cell growth. Cause pain, peeling, damage to skin, pre- cancerous cell growth. Each level is different, prevention is key. Use of an SPF in adequate supply and keeping skin covered. Each level is different, prevention is key. Use of an SPF in adequate supply and keeping skin covered.

1ST DEGREE BURN Pour cool water over the burn Pour cool water over the burn Use burn creams or spray’s, aloe. Wear loose clothing, get plenty of water. Use burn creams or spray’s, aloe. Wear loose clothing, get plenty of water. Use of an SPF in adequate supply and keeping skin covered. Use of an SPF in adequate supply and keeping skin covered.

2ND DEGREE BURN Cause blistering and peeling, very painful. TREATMENT--keep covered, burn medicine, avoid rubbing and touching. Do not break the blister. Seek medical attention for infection watch?v=Ns1DPvXVO6I

3RD DEGREE BURN The most dangerous as this is life threatening. Will cause skin to become blackened, dead, nerve damage, high risk of infection, need medical attention immediately. The most dangerous as this is life threatening. Will cause skin to become blackened, dead, nerve damage, high risk of infection, need medical attention immediately. TREATMENT--Get medical attention quickly. Keep covered with clean wrap, keep victim alert, avoid shock, keep comfortable and warm as body temp will drop. TREATMENT--Get medical attention quickly. Keep covered with clean wrap, keep victim alert, avoid shock, keep comfortable and warm as body temp will drop.

ABRASION COMMONLY CALLED ROAD RASH/RUG BURN TREATMENT TREATMENT Clean outer area with clean material and clean water. Remove any objects that are easily removed. Avoid touching or rubbing affected area. Cover with clean material, immobilize area if possible. Change wraps and clean as needed, seek medical attention for deep objects and infection. Clean outer area with clean material and clean water. Remove any objects that are easily removed. Avoid touching or rubbing affected area. Cover with clean material, immobilize area if possible. Change wraps and clean as needed, seek medical attention for deep objects and infection.

Choking Get behind the victim Get behind the victim Position hands between the chest and belly Position hands between the chest and belly Push in and up on the abdomen Push in and up on the abdomen Infant- 5 back blows, 5 chest thrusts, support the head and neck. Infant- 5 back blows, 5 chest thrusts, support the head and neck Ek&NR=1 2Ek&NR=1 2Ek&NR=1 2Ek&NR=1

HOW TO STOP BLEEDING 1ST--APPLY DIRECT PRESSURE TO THE WOUND. COVER WITH CLEAN MATERIAL, APPLY ENOUGH FORCE TO STOP BLEEDING. 1ST--APPLY DIRECT PRESSURE TO THE WOUND. COVER WITH CLEAN MATERIAL, APPLY ENOUGH FORCE TO STOP BLEEDING. 2ND--USE OF PRESSURE POINTS. FINDING THE ARTERY ABOVE THE INJURY, AND APPLY PRESSURE TO CONTROL BLEEDING.

NOSE BLEED 1. Sit down, lean slightly forward and pinch the nose for minutes ** 2. Do not tilt the head back!!!!! ** 2. Do not tilt the head back!!!!! 3. If the nose does not stop bleeding after 30 minutes or appears broke seek medical care. 3. If the nose does not stop bleeding after 30 minutes or appears broke seek medical care.

PUNCTURE WOUND (Nail, knife) TREATMENT TREATMENT Don’t remove any object. Make sure it isn’t able to move internally and cause further damage Don’t remove any object. Make sure it isn’t able to move internally and cause further damage Control bleeding. Control bleeding. Cover affected area with clean material, ice for swelling, seek medical attention. Cover affected area with clean material, ice for swelling, seek medical attention.

TICKS, BEES, AND SPIDERS Allergic reactions to bees, tick and spider bites can be very dangerous. People who are allergic should take every precaution as well as having medicine with them at all times. Allergic reactions to bees, tick and spider bites can be very dangerous. People who are allergic should take every precaution as well as having medicine with them at all times. Can cause extreme swelling, discoloration of skin, rashes, blotches or boils to form, dizziness, blurred vision, shortness of breath, faint, can lead to shock. Can cause extreme swelling, discoloration of skin, rashes, blotches or boils to form, dizziness, blurred vision, shortness of breath, faint, can lead to shock. TREATMENT TREATMENT Get the victim their medicine ASAP. Remove the cause or the victim from the threat. Get the victim their medicine ASAP. Remove the cause or the victim from the threat. Seek medical attention. Seek medical attention. Adminster Epi Pen or other allergic shot if available

POISONING When to call for help: When to call for help: Call 911 (or your local emergency number) immediately: Call 911 (or your local emergency number) immediately: ** Provide information about the person's symptoms and, if possible, information about what he or she ingested, how much and when. ** Provide information about the person's symptoms and, if possible, information about what he or she ingested, how much and when. What to do while waiting for help: What to do while waiting for help: If the person has been exposed to poisonous fumes, such as carbon monoxide, get him or her into fresh air immediately. If the person has been exposed to poisonous fumes, such as carbon monoxide, get him or her into fresh air immediately. Follow treatment directions Follow treatment directions If the poison spilled on the person's clothing, skin or eyes, remove the clothing. Flush the skin or eyes with cool or lukewarm water by using a shower for 20 minutes or until help arrives. If the poison spilled on the person's clothing, skin or eyes, remove the clothing. Flush the skin or eyes with cool or lukewarm water by using a shower for 20 minutes or until help arrives. Take the poison container (or any pill bottles) with you to the hospital. Take the poison container (or any pill bottles) with you to the hospital. *** Don't induce vomiting. *** Don't induce vomiting.

MUSCLE SPRAIN/STRAIN MUSCLE SPRAIN/STRAIN An injury to the connective tissues, tendons and ligaments, in a joint. An injury to the connective tissues, tendons and ligaments, in a joint. Cause swelling, discoloration, pain, little to no use of that area. Cause swelling, discoloration, pain, little to no use of that area. TREATMENT TREATMENT RICE– rest, ice the area, compression on the area, elevate the injury RICE– rest, ice the area, compression on the area, elevate the injury Time is the best treatment. Time is the best treatment.

FRACTURES COMMONLY CALLED A BROKEN BONE Usually the end result of some type of impact causing the bone(s) to break. Usually the end result of some type of impact causing the bone(s) to break. Symptoms would include mild discomfort to severe pain, swelling, discoloration, lack of mobility, internal and or external bleeding. Symptoms would include mild discomfort to severe pain, swelling, discoloration, lack of mobility, internal and or external bleeding. TREATMENT TREATMENT Immobilize the area to prevent any further movement of the affected area. If it is a weight bearing limb create some type of crutch or splint to prevent further damage. Immobilize the area to prevent any further movement of the affected area. If it is a weight bearing limb create some type of crutch or splint to prevent further damage. Control any bleeding, apply ice to control swelling. Seek medical attention. Control any bleeding, apply ice to control swelling. Seek medical attention.

HYPOTHERMIA STATE OF REDUCED BODY TEMPERATURE, CAUSING THE BODY’S SYSTEMS TO BEGIN SHUT DOWN. STATE OF REDUCED BODY TEMPERATURE, CAUSING THE BODY’S SYSTEMS TO BEGIN SHUT DOWN. CAN HAPPEN IN VARIOUS COLD TEMPERATURES, ESPECIALLY WHEN WET. CAN HAPPEN IN VARIOUS COLD TEMPERATURES, ESPECIALLY WHEN WET. DRESS IN LAYERS, KEEP DRY, KEEP HEAD AND WRISTS COVERED. DRESS IN LAYERS, KEEP DRY, KEEP HEAD AND WRISTS COVERED. BE PREPARED. BE PREPARED. * GIVE THE VICTIM WARM, NOT HOT, FLUIDS. * REMOVE WET OR DAMP CLOTHING * GET THE VICTIM TO A WARM PLACE. * GET THE VICTIM TO A WARM PLACE. * KEEP THEM ALERT, DON’T LET THEM FALL ASLEEP.

FROSTBITE DAMAGE TO THE BODY DUE TO EXCESSIVE LOW TEMPERATURES. DAMAGE TO THE BODY DUE TO EXCESSIVE LOW TEMPERATURES. CAUSING DISCOLORATION, PAIN, NUMBNESS. CAUSING DISCOLORATION, PAIN, NUMBNESS. KEEP THE EXPOSED AREA COVERED AND DRY. KEEP THE EXPOSED AREA COVERED AND DRY. DO NOT RUB. DO NOT RUB. GET MEDICAL ATTENTION AS SOON AS POSSIBLE GET MEDICAL ATTENTION AS SOON AS POSSIBLE

HEAT HEAT EXHAUSTION/STROKE HEAT EXHAUSTION/STROKE Caused by long term exposure to an elevated temperature. Caused by long term exposure to an elevated temperature. Causing cramps, dehydration, dizziness. Causing cramps, dehydration, dizziness. Get the victim in to a shady area, give cool fluids, apply damp towels to head area to aid the cooling process. Get the victim in to a shady area, give cool fluids, apply damp towels to head area to aid the cooling process. Seek medical attention. Seek medical attention

CONCUSSION The result of receiving a blow to the cranium. What happens is the brain is forced to one side violently causing the brain to bounce of the interior of the cranium. The result of receiving a blow to the cranium. What happens is the brain is forced to one side violently causing the brain to bounce of the interior of the cranium. Causes varying degrees of pain, nausea, dizziness, faint, blackout, slurred speech, blurred vision, inability to stand. Causes varying degrees of pain, nausea, dizziness, faint, blackout, slurred speech, blurred vision, inability to stand. Victim will appear “drunk” or “out of it.” Victim will appear “drunk” or “out of it.” TREATMENT TREATMENT Keep the victim still and calm, don’t allow them to stand up without aid and attempt to move by self. Keep the victim still and calm, don’t allow them to stand up without aid and attempt to move by self. Try to keep the victim awake. If they do fall asleep, wake the victim every minutes to make sure they are conscious. Try to keep the victim awake. If they do fall asleep, wake the victim every minutes to make sure they are conscious. Do not move until victim is alert and able to respond and focus as normal. Do not move until victim is alert and able to respond and focus as normal.

Hands Only CPR om/watch?v=zSgmled xFe8&feature=player _embedded om/watch?v=zSgmled xFe8&feature=player _embedded om/watch?v=zSgmled xFe8&feature=player _embedded om/watch?v=zSgmled xFe8&feature=player _embedded 1. Establish no heart beart 1. Establish no heart beart 2. Call Call Position hands 3. Position hands 4. Begin compressions 4. Begin compressions