WORLD WAR 1 1914-1918

CAUSES OF WWI MILITARISM ALLIANCES IMPERIALISM NATIONALISM

#1 MILITARISM

MILITARISM *WAR IS GLORIOUS *RACE TO BUILD BIGGER AND BETTER WEAPONS

#2 ALLIANCES

ALLIANCES PROMISES MADE TO BACK EACH OTHER UP “TEAMS” ARE FORMED

#3 IMPERIALISM

NEED FOR LAND, COLONIES, NEW MARKETS AND RESOURCES IMPERIALISM NEED FOR LAND, COLONIES, NEW MARKETS AND RESOURCES

NATIONALISM LOVE OF COUNTRY WANTING THEIR COUNTRY TO BE THE BEST, STRONGEST, RICHEST, MOST POWERFUL!

NATIONALISM Nationalism means an “excessive love of your country”. Excessive or fanatical devotion to a nation and its interests, often associated with a belief that one country is superior to all others

NATIONALISM vs. PATRIOTISM Excessive patriotism in one’s country. Nationalists believe that their interests, cultural and social values, or religion is superior to all others on the planet. Patriotism - Pride in one’s country and pride in the accomplishments or achievements of one’s country.

THE STORY BEGINS IN EUROPE…1914 Europe has had 100 Years of Peace…

BUT NOW EUROPE IS TENSE…. THE WEAPONS ARE READY. THE TEAMS ARE PICKED BUT NOW EUROPE IS TENSE… *THE WEAPONS ARE READY *THE TEAMS ARE PICKED *THE FEELINGS ARE STRONG ALL THAT IS NEEDED IS FOR THE FIRST “SNOWBALL” TO BE THROWN…

The first “snowball” is thrown in the summer of 1914 Austrian archduke Franz Ferdinand is killed by a Serbian terrorist.

ARCHDUKE FERDINAND OF AUSTRIA-HUNGARY IS ASSASSINATED WAR BEGINS!

EVENTS UNFOLD What happened after the archduke was shot? Austria-Hungary sent an ultimatum to Serbia- with explicit directions of what they needed to do to avoid war. Serbia complied with most, but not all demands. Austria-Hungary had the excuse they needed to start war - and they did! June 28 - Assassination July 28- Declaration of war-1 month to the day.)  Who started the war?

WHO STARTED THE WAR? YOU DECIDE… This might have just been a short summer war….however, it is said that Austria would have never gone to war without the knowledge that Germany was behind her. When giving advice - Germany did not issue restraint on Austria's part but rather gave them a "blank check."

WHO STARTED THE WAR (Cont.)   Russia urged control on Austria's side, but when it looked as if a war was going to start …Russia started mobilizing its troops Germany saw this and declared war on Russia. France gave a "blank check" to Russia Germany warned then not to, they did not listen. Germany declared war on France  By August the lines were drawn… and the first world war had begun.

Who Started the War? What do you think?

SYSTEM OF ALLIANCES Germany knew that France wanted revenge - so it signed an alliance with Austria-Hungary. In 1882 they formed a triple alliance with Italy, which became known as the Central Powers. GERMANY, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, ITALY   In 1904, France and England signed a treaty, and later England (Britain) signed one with Russia. When war began these powers became known as the Allied Powers. FRANCE, ENGLAND, RUSSIA

FIGHTING STARTS It is interesting that years earlier a German general had made a plan of attack on France…just in case. (He realized he had Russia on the right and France on the left.)So, they quickly executed (carried out) the plan which required Germany to march over and through Belgium and take over France. Britain and Belgium had an agreement that Britain would protect Belgium in case of an attack. Britain became enraged and declared war on Germany.  

Germany’s attack on Belgium (neutral country) lead Great Britain into the war.

Red- Central Green- Allied

RESULTS OF THE INVASION OF BELGIUM One out of four did not return and of those that did many were maimed and injured. The German plan did not work as well as they thought. Russia mobilized quicker than expected Britain joined in to help. The Battle or Marne- pushed Germany back and then they settled in their trenches. Battle lines in France remained almost the same for four years

How Did WWI Differ from previous wars? (Q1) Germans started by digging trenches. Poison Gas-Blind, choke or burn victims (p. 385) Rapid fire machine guns Tanks (p.378) Aircraft (p. 387) Trenches Flying bullets, bombs and grenades

Discussion Q.1bHow did the technological developments during WWI affect trench warfare? Q.2a How did civilians support the war effort? Q2b How did Total War affect life on the home front?

Q. 3 Results of Battle of Verdun and Battle of Somme. Gallipoli (Q Q. 3 Results of Battle of Verdun and Battle of Somme? Gallipoli (Q.4) Why did the Western Front change very little? Battle of Verdun-Left both France and Germany weakened. Battle of Somme-Lost many troops and left countries weakened. No gains made. Battle of Gallipoli- Many deaths -Allies gave up.

Events Outside of Europe? Armenian Massacre Japan captured German colonies in China and Pacific German Colonies in Africa are attacked Russian Revolution

The Treaty of Versailles THE BIG THREE AMERICA, FRANCE AND ENGLAND

TREATY OF VERSAILLES CRUSHED GERMANY

HOW DID THEY CRUSH GERMANY? GERMANY WAS HUMILIATED GERMANY WAS ANGRY GERMANY WAS BROKE GERMANY WAS DESPERATE GERMANY WANTED ITS LAND BACK BLAMED GERMANY FOR WAR GERMANY HAD TO REPARATIONS ($$$) STRIPPED GERMANY OF ALL ITS COLONIES LIMITED THEIR MILITARY LOST TERRITORY

#1 New NATIONS WERE FORMED AS A RESULT OF WWI… #1 New NATIONS WERE FORMED #3 Pres. Wilson (US) Set UP THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS ( SO NATIONS COULD SETTLE DISPUTES PEACEFULLY.) OVER 40 NATIONS JOINED. THE US DID NOT! #2 GERMANY WAS CRUSHED #4 WWII HAPPENED!