Brief Outline of Russian Environmental Legislation A.Afanasyev North-West Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Electrification (SZNIIMESH) Saint-Petersburg-Pavlovsk, Russia Prague April 2006

Basic environmental legal acts of the Russian Federation Constitution of the Russian Federation Federal Laws: –«On Environmental Protection» N 7-FZ of January 10, 2002 –«The Land Code of the Russian Federation» N 136-FZ of October 25, 2001 –«Atmospheric Air Protection Law» N 96-FZ of May 4, 1999 –«The Water Code of the Russian Federation» N 167-FZ of November 16, 1995 –«On Production and Consumption Refuse» N 89-FZ of June 24, 1998 –Government Decree of the Russian Federation N 632 of August 28, 1992 –Government Decree of the Russian Federation N 344 of June 12, 2003

Government Bodies Connected with Environmental Protection in the context of Agriculture Government of the RF The Ministry of Natural Resources Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resource Usage Federal Water Resources Agency Federal Forestry Agency Federal Mineral Resources Agency The Ministry of Agriculture Federal Service for Veterinary and Phyto- sanitary Supervision Federal Fishery Agency Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring Federal Environmental, Engineering & Nuclear Supervision Agency

Payments for environmental pollution In the amounts, which do not exceed maximum permissible discharge (MPD) of pollutants, or waste disposal, established for a particular enterprise For the discharges within the limits (the so-called “temporary agreed” levels) For the discharges of a given pollutant in excess of specified temporary agreed levels in case of emergency due to the fault of enterprise.

Sources of negative influence emissions of pollutants by stationary sources, namely boiler houses, animal houses and processing facilities; emissions of pollutants by mobile sources (internal combustion engines of tractors and mobile farm machines) discharge of pollutants into surface and underground water bodies with under-cleaned waste and storm water from livestock farms, processing facilities, machine yards, and also from fields disposal of production and consumption refuse on un- authorized dumps, animal and poultry waste storing capacities, machinery maintenance and repair sites.

Payment rates for atmospheric emissions of some farm related pollutants. PollutantsPayment rates for 1 ton pollutants emission within maximum permissible emission within specified temporary agreed limits Nitrogen dioxide~ EUR~ EUR Nitrogen oxide~ EUR~ EUR Ammonia~ EUR~ EUR Methane~ EUR~ EUR Carbon oxide~ EUR~ EUR

Conclusions In the Russian Federation detailed environmental legislation is in force, but it primarily focuses on the use of natural resources and not on environment protection. Several governmental bodies are charged with the duties on pollution control and environmental protection, but the interaction mechanism of these bodies is underdeveloped. In the Russian environmental legislation the stimulation mechanisms of nature protection activity are declared but in practice they do not work in contrast to the system of fees for negative environmental impact.