Plan © Plan HIV/AIDS

© Plan 2 Average life expectancy in 11 African Countries (age in years) Country/ 国家 Before AIDS/ 流行前 2010 Angola Botswana Lesotho Malawi Mozambique Namiba Rwanda South Africa Swaziland Zambia Zimbabwe Life Expectancy Loss

© Plan 3 When HIV enter the human body, it will attack the CD4 cells, a kind of white blood cell which is an integral part of the human immune system. In this way it destroys the immune response. It make the infected vulnerable to attack by virus and bacteria, causing opportunistic infections, malignant tumors and multi-system organ injury. What is AIDS

© Plan 4 HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Definition AIDS: Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome On average 8-10 years Looks normal HIV infectionAdvanced to AIDS Identified sickness

© Plan 5 HOW DO PEOPLE GET AIDS? UNPROTECTED SEX INFECTED NEEDLES FROM MOTHER TO CHILD INJECTION DRUG USE

© Plan 6 AIDS DOES NOT SPREAD THROUGH SALIVA SWEAT AIR TOUCH FOOD

© Plan 7 How to prevent being infected IDU transmission : keep off drugs, do not share needles, sterilize needles Sex transmission: ABC principle ABC A: abstinence (100% effective) B: be faithful (requires trust and fidelity) C: condom (less than 100% effective)

© Plan 8 HIGH RISK GROUPS INJECTION DRUG USERS GAY MEN SEX WORKERS AND THEIR CLIENTS BUT THE EPIDEMIC IS SPREADING FROM HIGH RISK GROUPS TO THE GENERAL POPULATION AND THERE IS A POTENTIAL RISK THAT THE EPIDEMIC WILL SPREAD FURTHER

© Plan 9 Some Notes Window Period The period between the initial infection and the period in which antibodies are detectable (which can be from 2 weeks to 6 months, but is usually 3 months) Latency Period The time period between becoming infected with HIV and developing symptoms of AIDS is known as the latency period. The latency period can last from 2-10 years. Before developing symptoms, people with HIV can look and feel healthy. but they can still infect others through blood to blood or sexual contact.

© Plan 10 HIV/AIDS AWARENESS REMAINS UNACCEPTABLY LOW, AND MANY PEOPLE STILL DO NOT KNOW ENOUGH ABOUT HOW TO PROTECT THEMSELVES AGAINST HIV Once infected, not only must you take drugs and will you become ill, but you (and those affected by you) will often be discriminated against.

© Plan 11 AIDS Impacts … On household: Loss of income and production of a household member Create extraordinary care needs Household expenditures rise On labor and the workplace: Less labor supply Loss experienced workers Decreased productivity Increase cost of doing business (health insurance, recruit and train new employees)

© Plan 12

© Plan 13 History of HIV in China 1985:First reported HIV/AIDS case in China 1989:First HIV Epidemic among IDUs in Yunnan 1995:First outbreak of HIV among commercial plasma donors 1995:First time HIV in IDU outside Yunnan 1998:HIV reported in all 31 mainland provinces 2002:HIV reported in IDUs in all 31 mainland provinces 2005: 650,000 cases estimated 2006:Estimated to be close to 1m 2007: Revised downwards to 650, ,000

© Plan 14 Reported HIV Case, by Province ( )

© Plan 15 Background Unique epidemic & unique opportunity Population size: 1.3 billion Estimated HIV infection: 650,000 (0.05%) Tripling HIV infection from 0.05% to 0.15%, will add 1.3 million infections Increase rate to 4%, will have 52 million infections

© Plan 16 New Infections in ,000 new infections i.e. approx. 192/day Among them: Sexual contact:49.8% Injecting drug use:48.6% Mother-to-child transmission:1.6%

© Plan 17 The Trends of Epidemic By report and by estimated time of infection Plasma Donation & Blood IDU & Sex 2003/2004/2005 Testing Campaign

© Plan 18 Proportion of HIV Infected, Tested and Managed Tested 22% Managed 6% 650,000 Infected 145,000 tested 40,000 ± managed

© Plan 19 Proportion of Tested vs Untested by Risk Factors Plasma/blood IDU MTCT Sexual Tested Untested Blood related

© Plan 20 Government Leadership Establishment of State Council AIDS Working Group (2004) and provincial AIDS Working Committees Substantial increase in government funding Promoting anti-stigma

© Plan 21 Supportive Legislation “Four Free and One Care” Policy free ARV drugs, free prevention of mother-to-child transmission, free voluntary counselling and testing, free schooling for children orphaned by AIDS, and care to people living with HIV/AIDS AIDS Regulations (promulgated on March 1, 2006) Identifies responsibilities and necessary actions to control HIV transmission Prohibits discrimination towards PLHA and their families Issued a new 5-year plan Infectious Disease Act Protects confidentiality Blood Safety Law

© Plan 22 Surveillance and Testing 329 national sentinel surveillance sites >400 provincial surveillance sites >3,000 free VCT clinics 3,756 screening labs and 57 confirmatory labs

23 HIV Testing Follow-up Treatment Monitor Resist Death Chain from identification to follow-up services HIV AIDSDeath Management Strategies

24 By 2010, China will limit people living with HIV/AIDS no more than 1,500,000 China Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention GOAL in New Five-Year Action Plan

25 …