1. Bloodborne Pathogens
HIV, AIDS, and Hepatitis
Unit 1

2. Lesson 1: Communicable Diseases
Objectives:
In this lesson, you will:
Learn the difference between infectious and communicable disease.
Explore how disease spreads from person to person.

3. Infectious & Communicable Diseases
An infectious disease results from an invasion of microorganisms.
A communicable disease is a type of infectious disease that can be transmitted from one person to another person.
Not all infectious diseases are communicable.

4. Chain of Infection Causative agent Reservoir Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host

5. What is the best way to break the chain of infection?
Wash your hands frequently!

6. Modes of Transmission
Bloodborne Transmission The blood of an infected person can be loaded with pathogens, making contact with blood high-risk for healthy individuals and workers in the medical field.
Airborne Transmission
Droplets in a sneeze or cough easily transmit pathogens through the air.

7. Modes of Transmission Vectorborne Transmission
Outside sources, such as mosquitoes and ticks, have the potential to transmit pathogens.
Casual Contact
This means that the pathogen is spread through close body-to-body contact, such as a hug, or sharing personal items, such as a hairbrush or drinking glass.

8. Modes of Transmission Sexual Transmission
Sexual contact with an infected person spreads infection through semen and vaginal fluids.
Foodborne Transmission Contaminated or infected foods spread infection once they are ingested.

9. Lesson 1: Communicable Diseases
Summary:
In this lesson, you have:
Learned the difference between infectious and communicable disease.
Explored how disease spreads from person to person.

10. Lesson 2: HIV and AIDS Objectives: In this lesson, you will:
Explain the difference between HIV and AIDS.
Distinguish fact from fiction.
Explain how HIV and AIDS affect the body.
Identify laws that assist those infected with HIV and AIDS.

11. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
What does HIV stand for?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Before revealing, ask if students can come up with the answer.

12. Affects the body’s immune system by attacking T helper cells and multiplying
Patients can live many years with few or no symptoms
Left untreated, HIV weakens the body’s defenses until the point where AIDS is diagnosed
HIV

13. What does AIDS stand for?
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Before revealing, ask if students can come up with the answer.

14. AIDS Patient’s immune system so weak it can no longer fight illness
Diagnosis made by a measurement of immune system function or when the patient contracts certain infections
Common infections become life-threatening
AIDS

15. How is HIV transmitted? Semen & vaginal fluid Blood Breast milk
Before revealing, ask students to guess which four bodily fluids can transmit HIV. These are the only four correct responses.
Semen & vaginal fluid
Blood
Breast milk

16. Legal Protections
The Ryan White CARE Act funds medical care for HIV and AIDS patients.
The Americans with Disabilities Act protects patients, suspected patients, and associated individuals from discrimination in public, at work, and in school.

17. Lesson 2: HIV and AIDS Summary: In this lesson, you have:
Explained the difference between HIV and AIDS.
Distinguished fact from fiction.
Explained how HIV and AIDS affect the body.
Identified laws that assist those infected with HIV and AIDS.

18. Lesson 3: Hepatitis Objectives: In this lesson, you will:
Explain the difference between acute and chronic infections.
Discover the five types of hepatitis.
Explore the risk hepatitis poses to health care facilities.

19. What is Hepatitis? Inflammation of the liver
Affects over 500 million people worldwide
Over 1 million die of hepatitis each year

20. Acute vs. Chronic Long-term symptoms
Can cause cirrhosis, liver cancer, or liver failure
Recovery within a year
No lasting side effects

21. Five Types of Viral Hepatitis
Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E
Hepatitis A & B can be vaccinated against.
Hepatitis B & C are common in health care settings.
OSHA requires that the hepatitis B vaccine be offered for free to healthcare workers.
Standard precautions and infection control practices can prevent the transmission of hepatitis.

22. Non-Viral Hepatitis Caused by alcohol, toxins, and certain diseases
Alcohol-induced hepatitis is the most common cause of cirrhosis, which is when scar tissue affects the function of the liver.

23. Lesson 3: Hepatitis Summary: In this lesson, you have:
Explained the difference between acute and chronic infections.
Discovered the five types of hepatitis.
Explored the risk hepatitis poses to health care facilities.

24. Lesson 4: Testing Objectives: In this lesson, you will:
Explore the testing procedures for HIV and hepatitis.
Learn about the legal issues of testing and reporting.
Identify community resources.

25. Tests can be either confidential or anonymous.
Test Sites
Hospitals
Doctor’s offices
Health clinics
Family planning & STD centers
Drug treatment facilities
Tests can be either confidential or anonymous.

26. Pre-HIV Test Counseling
Health care provider takes a brief health history, looking for high risk behaviors such as:
Unprotected sex
Multiple sexual partners
Drug use

27. Testing Methods
Tests look for antibodies created in a process called seroconversion to attack HIV pathogens.
Often a simple blood test
Can also use oral fluid or urine
Another option is a home test that is sent to a lab

28. Post-HIV Test Counseling
If negative, the patient should be retested in three months to give the body time to react to the disease and create antibodies.
If positive, the patient should inform sexual partners who may have been exposed.
Federal government has agencies, committees, and programs to help HIV-positive patients.

29. Reporting
States are required to report the names of those who test positive to the federal government.
For anonymous tests, the provider only reports that an HIV-positive test has occurred.

30. Lesson 4: Testing Summary: In this lesson, you have:
Explored the testing procedures for HIV and hepatitis.
Learned about the legal issues of testing and reporting.
Identified community resources.