Chapter 5, Section 4

 Addiction – after the person takes a drug for a period of time, his or her body craves it just to feel normal. ▪ Alcohol ▪ Nicotine ▪ Oxycontin ▪ Heroin ▪ Ambien ▪ Cocaine ▪ Meth

 Slow the activity of the nervous system, generally give people a sense of relaxation  Alcohol- widely used depressant  Intoxication – drunkenness ▪ Slurs speech ▪ Blurs vision ▪ Makes clumsy ▪ Difficult to concentrate ▪ May be unable to write ▪ Affects judgment and may not realize they are intoxicated. ▪ Lose inhibitions ▪ Long-term heavy drinking may lead to liver problems, heart problems, and cancer

 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) ▪ Host of problems that can occur in children of women who drink alcohol during pregnancy ▪ Deformities of the heart, face, kidneys, and fingers ▪ The brain of an infant with FAS is smaller than a normal infants brain ▪ FAS may occur if the mother drinks as little as one or two glasses of wine or beer a day during pregnancy

 Greek..narke “numbness” or “stupor”  Addictive depressants that have been used to relieve pain and induce sleep.  Morphine – addiction to this drug became known as “soldier’s disease”-- introduced during the civil war to deaden the pain from battle wounds  Heroin- “hero” cured addiction to morphine, gives the user feelings of pleasure. Coming off of heroin can cause the user to go into a deep depression. High doses can depress the respiratory system so much the user can lose consciousness, go into a coma, or die.  Codeine  Withdrawal symptoms- tremors, cramps, chills, rapid heartbeat, insomnia, vomitting, and diarrhea

 Increase activity of the nervous system  Speed up heart and breathing rate ▪ Nicotine ▪ Amphetamines ▪ Cocaine

 Found in tobacco leaves, this is one of the most common stimulants ▪ Cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, and chewing tobacco  Spurs the release of the hormone adrenaline, which causes an increase in heart rate  Makes people feel more alert and attentive, and raises the rate at which the body changes food to energy  Evidence shows it may be as addictive as heroin  Withdrawal Symptoms – nervousness, drowsiness, loss of energy, headaches, lightheadedness, insomnia, dizziness, cramps, heart palpitations, tremors, and sweating

 Each year more than 400,000 Americans die from smoking-related diseases  Smokers are 12 to 30 times more likely than non-smokers to die of lung cancer  Also linked to heart disease, chronic lung and respiratory disease, miscarriage in pregnant women who smoke, premature births, and babies with birth defects

 Known for helping people stay awake and reducing appetite  Used by soldiers in WWII to keep them awake and alert during the night  Injected or in pill format those who take large doses can stay awake for days..these prolonged “highs” eventually lead to “crash” which may be a deep depression of deep sleep (some may commit suicide during a “crash”) May cause: ▪ Hallucinations – perception of an object or sound that is not real ▪ Delusions – false idea that seems real (ability to fly, being chased)

 Stimulant derived from the coca plant  Produces feelings of pleasure, reduces hunger, deadens pain, and boosts self- confidence  Raises blood pressure and decreases oxygen to the heart while speeding the heart rate which may result in death.  Freud used the drug to overcome depression  A particular harmful form of cocaine is Crack impure form which makes it more dangerous

 A drug which produces hallucinations  Also causes relaxation, or feelings of pleasure  May also cause panic

 Produced from the leaves of cannabis sativa plant which grows wild in many parts of the world  Hashish, or “hash” comes from the sticky part of the plant and has stronger effects than marijuana  Produces feeling of relaxation and hallucinations, impairs perception and coordination, and makes it difficult to operate machinery. It also impairs memory and learning.  It causes anxiety and confusion and increases heart rate  Originally used to treat minor aches and pains

 Lysergic acid diethylamide – Acid  Can cause intense hallucinations and effects are not predictable  Some users are in such a high panic or confused the may injure themselves or commit suicide  May cause memory loss, violent outbursts, nightmares, feelings of panic, flashbacks

 Detoxification –removal of the harmful substance from the body  Maintenance Programs – given controlled less dangerous amounts of the drug..never become free of the drug  Counseling  Support groups