ELEMENTS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

ELEMENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT The activities associated with the management of solid waste from the point of generation to final disposal has been group into six elements. Waste Generation Waste Storage Waste Collection Waste Transfer and Transport Waste Treatment Waste Disposal

Waste Generation Urbanization and industrialization - many changes in the quality and quantity of solid wastes generated Some of the changes included: change in waste characteristic increased volume of waste use modern techniques in MSWM concentration of large population in a small area

The type of produced depends upon various factors : Con’t…. The type of produced depends upon various factors : standard of living occupation habits of dietary Average per capita generation of waste 0.85 kg/cap/day. About 1.5 kg/cap/day in Kuala Lumpur.

Housing area generates the largest amount of waste. Con’t…. Housing area generates the largest amount of waste. The high income group residential areas - high percentage of leaves, glass and plastic Market areas - large percentage of garbage and leaves, Hay & straw is the large proposition in commercial areas

Con’t…. Slum areas higher percentage of hay & straw , lower percentage of glass &

WASTE GENERATION IN MALAYSIA

International Trend in MSW Generation Most Asian country produce lower quantities of waste (mean 0.56 kg/capita/day) except Japan. The developed industrial countries generate more (mean 0.96 kg/capita/day). Japan, Singapore and Hong Kong show the pattern of waste generation similar to EC countries (0.86 kg/capita/day) 10

US is the largest per capita generating of MSW (1.97 kg/capita/day). Scandinavian countries generated above the per capita EC average (>0.96 kg) The population size does not influence the rate of waste generation. 11

Waste composition Garbage is the main component - 37 to 48% Malaysia generate about 72% compostable waste, comprising; organic waste paper textile/leather wood Garbage is the main component - 37 to 48% Paper and cardboard is the second most abundant component (18 to 30% is)

The composition of MSW reflects the affluence of the society: Cont’…. Plastic waste was at 9 – 16% KL generate only 9% plastic waste compare to 14 – 16% generate other three cities around KL The composition of MSW reflects the affluence of the society: The way of life Economic status Social behaviour

WASTE COMPOSITION 24 % PLASTICS 6 % IRON 3 % GLASS 15 % OTHERS 45 % ORGANIC 7 % PAPER Year MSW 2002 17,000 tons / day 2005 20,110 tons / day 2020 30,000 tons / day Source : MHLG 2009

Waste Composition (K.L.) No. Source Of Waste Residential Commercial Institutional 1. Food waste & organic 63.1 76.8 40.6 2. Mix paper 6.7 7.6 16.0 3. Mix plastics 14.3 9.0 17.2 4. Textiles 1.7 0.5 0.7 5. Rubber & leather 0.6 0.3 0.1 6. Yard waste 6.3 0.9 18.4 7. Glass 2.1 1.5 8. Ferrous 2.3 1.4 2.8 9. Aluminum 1.3 10. Others 2.5 Total (2,3,7,8,9) 25.5 19.0 38.8 Source: Nazeri 2002

Composition of refuse from the municipality of KL, Petaling Jaya and Penang for the year 1990 Kuala Lumpur Petaling Jaya Paper & cardboard 25.5 30.0 27.0 Textile & leather 3.4 2.5 3.1 Plastics 11.2 9.8 16.4 Rubber 0.8 0.2 2.0 wood 14.4 3.2 7.0 garbage 32.8 40.8 36.5 Metal ferrous & non-ferrous 2.6 4.6 3.9 Glass & ceramics 1.4 3.0 Others 8 5.9 1.0