© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Personal Safety Chapter 21

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Differentiating Injuries 182,000 Americans die from injuries each year Economic cost of injuries is more than $700 billion each year Intentional injury ◦One that is purposely inflicted by oneself or by another person Unintentional injury ◦Injury occurs when no harm is intended ◦Leading cause of death for people under age 45 National Safety Council (NSC) ◦ 2008 each day  333 Americans died from unintentional injuries  91 died from suicide  35 died from homicide 2

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Unintentional Injuries Four general classes 1.Motor vehicle injuries 2.Home injuries 3.Public injuries 4.Work injuries What causes an injury? ◦Combination of human and environmental factors 3

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Table 21.1 Unintentional Injuries in the U.S. 4

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Motor Vehicle Injuries CDC: 43,000 Americans killed and 2.5 million injured in motor vehicle crashes in 2008 Factors contributing to motor vehicle injuries: ◦Speeding ◦Aggressive driving ◦Fatigue and sleepiness ◦Cell phones and other distractions ◦Alcohol and other drugs ◦Safety belts, air bags, and child safety seats 5

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 6 Preventing Motor Vehicle Injuries Obey the speed limit Always wear a safety belt Never drive under the influence of alcohol or drugs Keep your car in good working condition Allow for plenty of following distance Increase your following distance and slow down if weather is bad Choose interstate highways versus rural roads Always signal when turning or changing lanes Stop completely at stop signs Take special care at intersections Don’t pass on two-lane roads

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Motorcycles and Mopeds About one out of every ten traffic fatalities among ages involves someone riding a motorcycle Safety strategies ◦Wear light colored clothing ◦Develop the necessary skills ◦Wear a helmet ◦Protect your eyes with goggles ◦Drive defensively 7

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Bicycles Bicycles are vehicles and cyclists must obey all traffic laws that apply to automobile drivers Safety strategies ◦Wear safety equipment ◦Wear light-colored clothing ◦Ride with the flow of traffic ◦Ride defensively ◦Stop at all traffic lights and stop signs ◦Continue pedaling at all times when moving 8

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Pedestrians Following strategies can help prevent injuries when you’re walking or jogging ◦Walk or jog in daylight ◦Wear light-colored, reflective clothing ◦Face traffic when walking ◦Avoid busy roads ◦Cross only at marked crosswalks ◦Don’t use headphones while walking ◦Don’t hitchhike 9

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Home Injuries Falls ◦90% of fatal falls involve people 45 and older Fires ◦Smoke detector: cooking lead cause of fire Poisoning ◦National poison hotline ◦ Suffocation and choking ◦Heimlich maneuver Firearms 10

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Leisure Injuries Swimming ◦Don’t swim alone ◦Always use a personal floatation device ◦Check the surroundings ◦Check equipment ◦Wear a helmet or other safety gear ◦Drink plenty of fluids ◦Don’t use alcohol or other drugs In-line skating injuries Scooter injuries 11

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Work Injuries Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ◦Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 Back injuries ◦Proper mechanics Repetitive strain injuries (RSIs) ◦Carpal tunnel syndrome 12

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Chapter twenty-onePersonal Safety13 In Focus: Repetitive Strain Injury

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Violence and Intentional Injuries Violence ◦FBI: 2009 over 1.3 million violent crimes in U.S. ◦Assault, homicide, sexual assault, domestic violence, suicide, child abuse Factors contributing to violence ◦Arguments or committing other crime ◦Social factors ◦Violence in the media ◦Gender ◦Interpersonal factors ◦Alcohol and other drugs ◦Firearms 14

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Figure 21.2 Arrests in the U.S.,

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Violence and Intentional Injuries Assault ◦Use of physical force by person(s) to inflict injury or death on another Homicide ◦FBI: 2007, estimated 15,000 murders Gang-related violence ◦1 million Americans belong to a gang Hate crimes ◦When bias against another person’s race or ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, or disability motivates a criminal act School violence Workplace violence Terrorism 16

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Family and Intimate Violence Battering ◦Violence against intimate partners Stalking and cyberstalking ◦Harassing behaviors such as following or spying on a person and making verbal, written, or implied threats ◦Internet, , chat rooms, and electronic communication devices Violence against children Elder abuse 17

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Sexual Violence Sexual Assault: Rape ◦Statutory rape ◦Date rape ◦Who commits rape? ◦Factors contributing to date rape ◦Date-rape drugs  Rohypnol, GHB  Drug-Induced Rape Prevention and Punishment Act of 1996 ◦Dealing with a sexual assault  Women Organized Against Rape (WOAR) recommendations ◦The effects of rape 18

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Child Sexual Abuse Sexual act imposed on a minor ◦Incest ◦Most sexually abused children are between 8 and 12 when the abuse first occurs ◦Surveys suggest that as many as 27% of women and 16% of men were sexually abused as children Sexual Harassment ◦Affects academic or employment decisions or evaluations ◦Interferes with an individual’s academic or work performance ◦Creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive academic, work, or student living environment 19

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. What You Can Do About Violence Train for conflict resolution Identify and target high-risk groups for intervention Reduce gun-related injuries  Adoption of consumer safety standards for guns 20

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Providing Emergency Care First aid Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) Emergency medical services (EMS) system  Check the situation  Check the victim  Call for help: Call in most areas  Care for the victim 21

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Personal Safety Chapter 21