2. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Health Threats of Unintentional Injuries and Violence J. Don Chaney, Ph.D. Texas A&M University

3. Unintentional Injuries: Cause and Effect Unintentional injuries: caused by unplanned events – such as automobile crashes. Trauma: a wound or injury. Intentional Injuries: result from planned events – such as suicide.

4. Unintentional Injuries: Cause and Effect Risk-Taking Behavior: actions that intentionally place an individual at risk for personal injury. Impaired functioning due to alcohol Psychological factors: anger, depression, stress, aggressiveness, belligerence. Hazards in the environment Environmental hazards created by people

5. Unintentional Injuries: Cause and Effect Profile of an At-Risk Person Gender and age Environmental On-the-Job Fatalities Motor vehicle accidents, falls, human error due to alcohol, drugs, stress

6. Safety on the Road and Waterfront Seat Belts and Air Bags Passive seat belts automatically place a shoulder restraint around the driver and the front seat passenger upon their entering the car. Air Bags are safety devices that automatically inflate on impact during a frontal or side crash.

7. Safety on the Road and Waterfront On the Waterfront Hypothermia: loss of body temperature to subnormal levels. Quadriplegia: total paralysis of the body from the neck down, affecting arms and legs.

8. Safety at Home When a Simple Fall Is Not Simple 2 nd leading cause of fatal injuries 1/3 of all elderly people fell last year. Falls are the primary reason the elderly are in nursing homes.

9. Safety at Home Up in Smoke Smoke Detectors: smoke-sensitive devices designed to alert occupants of a room or space in event of a fire.

10. Safety at Home Other Burns Burns from faucets Burns from fire works

11. Safety at Home Taking Prompt Action First aid training principles important to know

12. Violence: A Public Health Problem Violence: the use of force with the intent to harm oneself or another person. Generalizations of type of person who commits violent crimes: Violent crimes tend to be committed by young men. Most violent offenders are white. Family background and delinquency Alcohol and drugs The level of education attained

13. Violence: A Public Health Problem Who Is at Risk for Being Assaulted? Overall, crime is a male experience. African-Americans are victims of crimes at a higher rate than whites. The lower the income, the greater a person is at risk for being a victim of crime. Teens and young adults are more likely to be victims than are older people. Violence against gay people has increased significantly.

14. Violence: A Public Health Problem Who Is at Risk for Being Assaulted? Table 9.1.1

15. Violence: A Public Health Problem (cont'd.) Table 9.1.2

16. Homicide: Dying in America Homicide: the killing of one human being by another. Gun Killings If you have a gun at home, you are 8 times more likely to be killed by or to kill a family member or close acquaintance. If you get involved in a fight with a family member or close acquaintance and one of you has a gun in the home, you are 12 times more likely to kill or be killed.

17. Homicide: Dying in America Gun Killings Figure 9.2

18. Homicide: Dying in America The Influence of Drugs About 60% of those arrested for homicide tested positive for drugs. The Role of Television Watching repeated violent acts on TV desensitizes people to violence.

19. Sexual Violence Domestic Violence Domestic Violence: a range of abusive behaviors perpetrated by one person against another within the domestic sphere. Physical Abuse: the infliction of physical injury that causes substantial harm over a period of time. Battery: any illegal beating or touching of another person. Psychological Abuse: acts that lead to mental anguish, such as threats, that damage the victim’s self-esteem over time.

20. Sexual Violence Sexual Harassment Sexual Harassment is an abuse of power. The following actions are recommended if you are harassed: Speak up. Keep records. Tell someone. Get help. Take it seriously.

21. Sexual Violence Rape Rape: an act of violence where a person is forced to engage in unwanted sexual intercourse. Gang Rape Sadistic Rape Acquaintance Rape Date Rape Marital Rape

22. Sexual Violence Rapes Figure 9.3.1

23. Sexual Violence (cont'd.) Figure 9.3.2