By: Dominique Christiansen, Hannah Moskowitz, and Alex Slivon Secret Operations By: Dominique Christiansen, Hannah Moskowitz, and Alex Slivon

USA vs. USSR During the Cold War the mounting tensions rose between the United States and the USSR. Espionage was considered the “Invisible Front to the Cold War” The country with the best secret service and special police had upper hand in: Space travel Internal communication Military strength and strategy International communication The United States- CIA The USSR- KGB

THE IRON CURTAIN

CIA Central Intelligence Agency Created in 1947 when President Truman moved to pass the National Security Act Used to obtain information about foreign powers, governments, terrorists, and corporations. Headquarters- Langley, Virginia

KGB КГБ –Russian abbreviation for State Security Committee Similar to CIA in goals for the country The Cheka of Lenin’s time was an inspiration for the formation of the KGB Became successful through usage of Moles Assassins Codenames Double Agents

Assassinations Most assassinations committed in the Soviet Union punishment of treason used to silence double agents from leaking information. There is no documentation that the CIA has ever actually assassinated anyone, but there were definite plots and attempts. Example: “Operation Mongoose” to assassinate Fidel Castro using poisoned cigars, exploding seashells, and a toxic diving suit. The operation obviously failed, but not for a lack of trying. -Example: The KGB targeted Georgi Okolovich, a member of the Popular Labor Alliance. He died when an agent stuck a poisonous umbrella tip into his leg on a bus.

Moles Used by both governments to get information of an opposing side by using false identities. Example- The Cambridge Five- British spies that passed information regarding the United States on the Soviet Union Kim Philby Donald Duart Maclean Guy Burgess Anthony Blunt

Cold War Technology Intercontinental ballistic missiles Space stations Sputnik- comes from the Russian- “fellow traveler”, Russians launched a series of orbit satellites that sparked a frenzy in the US. August 12th, 1960- NASA launched the fist communication satellite- Echo 1 “Corona” Spy Satellite- given the code name- “Discoverer” which took pictures of Soviet territory

Spy Technology Silencers on firearms Cigarette Case Weapons Keychain guns Suicide weapons (used to avoid treason during an interrogation) Hidden knives Poison-pellet weapons The “Stinger” and Single-shot pistol

MI5 Responsible for protecting the UK against national security threats Echlon- US and UK information sharing program created during WWII and used against the USSR and China United Kingdom, United States, Australia, New Zealand and Canada became alliances-finalized by the UKUSA security agreement of 1948

U-2 Incident USSR did not agree to an “Open Skies” policy until 1955 By 1960, the US had a few successful flights over USSR territory, which were inspired by mistrust May 1st, 1960 a U-2 spy plane went down in Svedlovsk (USSR territory)

The Espionage Conflict Today The US still uses the CIA, but focuses more on national security and safety than combating communism The USSR- now the Russian Federation no longer uses the KBG Tensions have decreased, but secret intelligences have increased

Bibliography Patterson, James T. "The Enemy Within" review article in the October 1998 online The Atlantic Monthly Sudoplatov, Pavel AnatolievichAtomic Secrets: A KGB Spymaster's Tale of How the Soviets Got the Bomb Zubok, Vladislav. "Soviet Intelligence and the Cold War: The 'Small' Committee of Information, 1952-53," in Diplomatic History 19 (Summer 1995). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War#Intelligence http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/cold_war.htm http://history.acusd.edu/gen/20th/coldwarspies.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/venona/resources.html http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/experience/spies/