1. Lesson 3 The Cold War Intensifies
Postwar America ( )
Lesson 3 The Cold War Intensifies
ITS History Arms Race

2. Lesson 3 The Cold War Intensifies
Postwar America ( )
Lesson 3 The Cold War Intensifies
Learning Objectives
Describe how Cold War tensions were intensified by the arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union.
Explain how Eisenhower’s response to communism differed from that of Truman.
Analyze the impact on the United States of significant international Cold War conflicts.
Describe how Cold War tensions were intensified by the space race.
mutually assured destruction
John Foster Dulles
massive retaliation
brinkmanship
Nikita Khrushchev
nationalized
Suez crisis
Eisenhower Doctrine
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

3. The Cold War

4. The Arms Race Intensifies Tensions
a rapid increase in the quantity or quality of military power by rival states in peacetime. (Weapons)
Soviets Test Atomic Weapon (Aug 29th 1949) – Start of the arms race
Create a fake city in Kazakhstan to test the effects
US Spy Plane detects radiation in the atmosphere
America not the only country with Nuclear weaponry
Truman creates Atomic Energy Commission
Build Hydrogen Bomb (H-Bomb) – 1,000x more powerful that “fat man”
Soviets get atomic technology from USA
Klaus Fuchs- passes nuclear secrets to the Soviets.
USA Test H-Bomb – Nov
USSR Test H – Bomb – Nov 22, 1953

5. The Arms Race Intensifies Tensions
Mutually Assured Destruction
Threat of nuclear war would prevent use of nuclear weapons
Nuclear weapons > people
Fear of Nuclear war becomes realistic

6. The Arms Race Intensifies Tensions

8. Eisenhower’s Response to Soviet Aggression
Eisenhower becomes president (1952)
Contain communism + build up more nuclear weapons
Communism biggest threat to Democracy.
John Foster Dulles – Domino Theory
One country falls to communism, surrounding nations will fall
Eisenhower Policies
Stockpile of nuclear weapons
Massive Retaliation – respond to communists threat
Use overwhelming force/nuclear weapons to crush communist

9. Brinkmanship Rules U.S Policy
The Policy of Brinkmanship
Dwight D. Eisenhower
John Foster Dulles
Brinkmanship
the U.S. promising to use all of its force, including nuclear weapons against aggressor nations like the S.U.
US would increase spending on air force

11. International Cold War Conflicts
New Soviet Leader
Stalin passes away – March 5, 1953
Nakita Khrushchev – new soviet leader
Not as extreme as Stalin
Looked for better relations with USA
Peacefully Spread Communism
Geneva Summit – 1955
Khrushchev and Eisenhower meet
Peace Coexistence
Eisenhower’s “Open Skies”
United States and the Soviet Union to exchange maps indicating the exact location of every military installation in their respective nations.
proposal rejected

12. Battle for the Middle East
Eisenhower Doctrine
Support countries in the Middle East
The Suez Crisis
Canal to link the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.
Middle Eastern Oil to Europe
Egypt negotiates with USA and USSR to help fund project
Egypt Nationalized canal – violates international law
Trade access for Israel.
Britain and France take control of canal
Eisenhower refuses to support Allies(Britain, France + Israel.)

14. The Cold War Spreads Around the World
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Intelligence Gathering agency
Covert or spy missions to protect USA
Coup in Iran – 1953
Coup in Guatemala
KGB – USSR Spy organization
gather intelligence in other nations, conduct counterintelligence, maintain the secret police

15. The Space Race USSR vs. USA USSR -Sputnik, on Oct 4, 1957
Power from Sputnik could be used to launch Intercontinental ballistic missiles.
(ICBMs)
Sputnik II – carried a dog
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA-1958):
established to counter the Soviet successes in space
Explorer I (1958): USA Satellite