CH 9: Does Practice Make Perfect Yes, in fact it does!

3 processes required for psychological engagement 1. Selection of important information 2. Integration of new info into existing knowledge in LTM 3. Retrieval of new knowledge from LTM Good practice exercises will promote all 3

CH 10: Leveraging Examples in e- Learning Definition: A worked example is a step-by-step demonstration of how to solve a problem of perform a task.

4 Guidelines for effective use of practice exercises and worked examples in e-learning: Practice Exercises 1. Should mirror thinking processes and environment of the job 2. Should follow the media elements principles (contiguity, redundancy, personalization) 3. Should train learners to self- question receptive material 4. Should be interspersed throughout the lesson Worked Examples 1. Should be job realistic and diverse 2. Should follow the media elements principles (contiguity, modality, personalization) 3. Should train learners to self- explain examples 4. Should replace some practice exercises

Psychological Advantage of Worked Examples over Practice Exercises Intrinsic LoadExtraneous Load Inherent complexity of contentComplexity of instructional design Cognitive Load = Intrinsic Load + Extraneous Load