NEXT Section 1 The Byzantine Empire After Rome split, the Eastern Empire, known as Byzantium, flourishes for a thousand years.

NEXT A New Rome in a New Setting The Byzantine Empire The Eastern Roman Empire Roman Empire officially divides into East and West in 395 Eastern Empire flourishes; becomes known as Byzantium Justinian emperor of Byzantium Byzantine emperors head state and church; use brutal politics SECTION 1 Image Map

NEXT Life in the New Rome SECTION 1 New Laws for the Empire Revises and updates laws with Justinian’s Code—new set of laws Creating the Imperial Capital builds magnificent church, Hagia Sophia Image Continued... Map

NEXT Constantinople’s Hectic Pace trading hub with major marketplace Empress Theodora—powerful wife and adviser to Justinian continued Life in the New Rome Image SECTION 1

NEXT The Church Divides SECTION 1 A Religious Split Christianity develops differently in Eastern and Western Roman Empires Two churches disagree over many issues, Icons Pope vs Patriarch excommunicated Image Continued...

NEXT continued The Church Divides Byzantine Missionaries Convert the Slavs emergence of Cyrillic alphabet—basis of many Slavic languages Alphabet enables many groups to read the Bible SECTION 1

NEXT Russia grows out of a blending of Slavic and Byzantine cultures and adopts Eastern Orthodox traditions. Section 2 The Russian Empire

NEXT Russia’s Birth The Russian Empire SECTION 2 Slavs and Vikings In 800s, Vikings settle among Slavs; move to Kiev Vikings and Slavs mix cultures, become one RURIK the RUS “Established” Kievan Russia Continued... Map

NEXT Kiev Becomes Orthodox Vladimir, makes everyone Christian Beliefs and traditions of Orthodox Christianity flourish in Kiev Expands Russia into Poland, and north to Baltic Sea continued Russia’s Birth SECTION 2

NEXT Kiev’s Power and Decline Kievan Russia Yaroslav the Wise (Vlad’s son), Creates alliances, legal code, builds churches SECTION 2 Kiev’s Decline Yaroslav divides realm between his sons; causes civil war Image

NEXT The Mongol Invasions The Mongols Mongols, nomads from central Asia, begin conquests in early 1200s Kiev falls in 1240 to Batu Khan Mongols rule Russia for 200 yrs SECTION 2 Mongol Rule in Russia Mongols give Russians many freedoms, but demand obedience, tribute Mongol rule isolates Russia from rest of Europe Image Map

NEXT Russia Breaks Free SECTION 2 Moscow’s Powerful Princes Moscow’s princes grow strong under Mongol rule throughout the1300s An Empire Emerges Late 1400s Ivan III becomes prince of Moscow; challenges Mongol rule Takes the name czar Russian and Mongol armies face off in 1480 Both armies retreat (Russia gains freedom)

Section 3 Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia Turkish people convert to Islam and establish new empires that renew Muslim civilization. NEXT

The Rise of the Turks Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia SECTION 3 Continued... The Conquering Seljuks Seljuks—seize Baghdad in crush Byzantine Empire at Battle of Manzikert Seljuks take most of Anatolia; bring Turks close to Constantinople Map

NEXT Seljuks Confront Crusaders and Mongols Malik Shah Dies Circa 1092 – Seljuk Empire disintegrates into loose collection of minor kingdoms Crusades In 1099, Crusaders capture Jerusalem; massacre Muslims and Jews Eventually Muslims recover Jerusalem Saladin allows Western pilgrims access to Christian holy places SECTION 3 Continued... Image