Chapter 15 Atmosphere.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 15 Atmosphere

15.1 Earth’s Atmosphere Composition 1. Gas (78% N2, 21% O2) 2. Solids & Liquids - Dust, salt and water

Structure 2 lower layers 1 Structure 2 lower layers 1. Troposphere - Closest to ground (~ 11 miles high) - Contains most gas and water vapor - Where weather occurs 2. Stratosphere - 2nd layer (~21 miles high) - Contains ozone layer

3 Upper layers 3. Mesosphere - Coldest layer (~40 miles high) - Meteors burn up (shooting star)

4. Thermosphere - Hottest layer (~1,000-2,000 °F) - Aurora occur here - Contains Ionosphere (charged particles) - ~ 430 miles high - Space Shuttle & ISS orbit here

5. Exosphere - Uppermost part of Earth - Space is after - ~ 6200 miles high

Atmospheric Pressure - Most dense at sea level - Barometer- Measures air pressure

Temperature - Atmosphere divided into layers by temperature

Ozone layer - Shield & absorbs UV rays - CFC’s destroy ozone

15.2 Energy from Sun Energy Transfer Radiation - Transfer energy by electromagnetic waves - Light & heat Ex) Fire, Sun

Conduction - Heat transfers as molecules collide Convection - Heat transfer through gas or liquid Ex. Dryer, Oven Water Hydrosphere - All water on Earth’s surface - 97% is salt water - Most fresh water is in polar ice caps

- Movement of water between Earth & atmosphere 15.3 Air Movement Water Cycle - Movement of water between Earth & atmosphere 15.3 Air Movement Wind Formation - Uneven heating of Earth Coriolis effect http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/fw/crls.rxml http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1904/es1904page01.cfm?chapter_no=19 - Water & air move Right above equator & Left below

Wind Systems 1. Jet stream- Belts of strong wind in upper troposphere 2. Doldrums- Windless area at equator 3. Prevailing Westerlies- Move most weather in USA- west to east 4. Sea breeze (Day) - Wind blowing from sea to land 5. Land breeze (Night) - Wind blowing from land to sea

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