The Challenges of Urbanization

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The Challenges of Urbanization Ch 7-2

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Presentation transcript:

The Challenges of Urbanization Urban Opportunities Urban Problems Reformers Mobilize

Urban Opportunities Innovation in farming Urbanization: Growth of cities. Immigrants Migration from rural areas Innovation in farming African Americans escaping violence and discrimination in the south. http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/070_immi.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanization

Americanization Movement Programs aimed at teaching immigrants to be good citizens. English Government History Programs to teach social skills and American culture

Urban Problems Housing Transportation Water Sanitation Fire Crime

Housing Problem: Solutions: Housing on outskirts = transportation issues Tenements- cramped living conditions in the intercity with unsanitary conditions. Solutions: Row Houses - single family dwellings that share a side wall w/ other similar houses Laws passed to guarantee minimum standards of plumbing and ventilation. Dumbbell Tenements – 5 or 6 story buildings with indentations for ventilation.

Row House Diagram

Transportation Problem: People traveled on foot or by horse-drawn vehicles. Solution: Mass Transit – system designed to move large numbers of people. Street Cars Cable (San Francisco) Electric (Richmond, VA) Electric Subway (Boston)

Water Problem: Availability of fresh, safe water. Diseases like cholera and typhoid fever No indoor plumbing – had to haul water from pumps in the street. Solution: Public Water Works Chlorination in 1893 (New York) Filtration in 1908 (New York)

Sanitation Problem: Horse manure, sewage flow through open gutters, air pollution, no dependable trash service Solution: Sewer Lines City operated sanitation departments

Fire Problem: Solution: Limited water supply to fight fires Buildings made of wood Use of candles and kerosene lanterns Only volunteer firefighters Solution: Full-time Professional Fire Departments Automatic fire sprinklers in 1874 Replacement of wood buildings with brick, stone, and concrete

Crime Problem: Pickpockets / Thieves Con Men Gangs Solution: Full-time, salaried Police Force

Reformers Mobilize Problem: Poverty in Cities Solution: Social Reformers Social Gospel Movement Settlement House

Social Gospel Movement Social Gospel Movement preached salvation through service. Erected churches in poor neighborhoods Persuaded some businesses to treat workers more fairly.

http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/aa/addams http://tigger.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/urbanexp/main.cgi?file=img/show_gallery.ptt&gallery=5 Settlement Houses Settlement House - community centers in slum neighborhoods that provide assistance and friendship to local men, women, and children-especially immigrants. Provides educational, cultural, and social services Jane Addams – social reformer and co-founder of Hull House in Chicago. http://www.uic.edu/jaddams/hull/urbanexp/timeline/timelinecontents.htm http://www.uic.edu/jaddams/hull/newdesign/idabwells/